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The Italian peninsula and Sicily almost form a geographical divide in the Mediterranean Sea. This "land bridge" gave Rome access to North Africa. Rome's main port on the Mediterranean, Ostia, was only 16 miles southwest of Rome. This port gave Rome's navy an easy access to the western Mediterranean. This included all of North Africa west of Carthage to the Rock of Gibraltar, the western coast of Spain, and the ports on the southern side of Gaul. Rome's geographical position thus gave it extremely easy access to the areas it would need to dominate this half of the Mediterranean on a military basis and provided Rome with the Natural Resources, such as minerals and crop lands needed to sustain further expansion.

The Italian peninsula's northern border gave Rome a land access to Gaul and a land bridge to Greece and the Balkans. Ports in Sicily gave Rome's navy access to the eastern half of north Africa and a sea route to Greece. These ports also gave Rome access to the wealthy nation of Egypt, and the wealth of the lands on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean.

Taken as a whole, Rome's location could not have been better in its quest to dominate the Mediterranean world and the lands inward from the Mediterranean.

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