In different ways. Hungary, Poland, Esotonia, Czechoslovakia (now the "Czech Republic") and others were able to adapt to a free-market economy, and have prospered since.
Unfortunately, this did not happen in all former Communist Bloc nations. Yugoslavia and the surrounding areas erupted into violent ethnic/religious warfare that lasted about a decade, virtually destroyed the region, and resulted in the Serbs, Croatians, Kosovars and Macedonians forming their own separatist states and treaties.
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Ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and even before so, the economy of Eastern Europe was in shambles. After the collapse, there was high unemployment, drops in population, slow economic growth, etc. Some former Soviet countries are still in tough economic times from the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the current European debt crisis isn't helping. However, people generally remained joyful and optimistic, simply because they had finally defeated communism and were able to switch to democracy.
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introducing the policies of perestroika and glasnost
Mikhail Gorbachev
The soviets had expected to win a quick victory
The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe was a series of events that led to the dissolution of communist regimes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This collapse was spurred by a combination of factors, including economic stagnation, political repression, and popular discontent. The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolized the end of communist rule in Eastern Europe, while the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the final collapse of communism in the region.
Ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and even before so, the economy of Eastern Europe was in shambles. After the collapse, there was high unemployment, drops in population, slow economic growth, etc. Some former Soviet countries are still in tough economic times from the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the current European debt crisis isn't helping. However, people generally remained joyful and optimistic, simply because they had finally defeated communism and were able to switch to democracy.
The spread of communism
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Warsaw PactA military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Organized in 1955 in answer to NATO, the Warsaw Pact included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. It disintegrated in 1991, in the wake of the collapse of communism in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Taken from Dictionary.com
The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War contributed the most to increasing international trade for eastern and Western Europe in the 1990's.
introducing the policies of perestroika and glasnost
Europe is referred to as Europe. As with any continent there are various geographical regions, so that is one way that the term Eastern Europe and Western Europe arises. More commonly it comes from the political aspect, from when countries in the east of Europe were communist and countries in the west of Europe were democracies. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and communism, that is no longer the case, but countries in that part of Europe are still referred to as being in Eastern Europe. So it is both a geographical and political term.
The Soviet leader when Eastern Europe was freed from Soviet control was Mikhail Gorbachev. His policies of Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring) in the late 1980s contributed to the decline of Soviet influence in the region. The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the subsequent collapse of communist regimes across Eastern Europe occurred during his tenure, leading to significant political changes and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
It led to independence for many countries.
Mikhail Gorbachev
The soviets had expected to win a quick victory