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Islam spread to East Africa through peaceful means of commerce and education whereby non-Muslims learned of the faith and adopted as their own amidst business dealings with Muslims. This happened especially in maritime cities like Zanzibar whose primary source of wealth was trading with Muslims. However, once Islam established a beachhead in East Africa through commerce and peaceful religious acquisition, indigenous Islamic sultanates like the Zanzibar Sultanate and several Somali ones like Ajuuran State and the Warsangali Sultanate as well as the Omani Empire created armies and spread Islam through the conquest of neighboring regions. However, due to the difficulty of penetrating beyond the African coast, most places in East Africa south of Somalia remain majority Non-Muslim save along the coast.

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