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Donor atoms are those impurity atoms in a semiconductor material that give free electons to the material, for example a 5-valent atom in a semiconductor consisting of 4-valent atoms. Acceptor atoms are 3-valent atoms in a 4-valent semiconductor, so an acceptor atom can "accept" an electron from the surrounding atoms what leaves a free "hole" . Free electrons (from donor atoms) and free holes (from acceptor atoms) make the semiconductor conduct electricity.

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