What caused the zanj rebellion?

Answer 1

The Zanj Rebellion, which occurred between 869 and 883 CE in present-day Iraq, was primarily caused by the harsh conditions and brutal treatment faced by enslaved Africans, known as the Zanj, who were forced to work on sugar plantations and in irrigation projects. The oppressive labor conditions, combined with the economic exploitation and social marginalization they endured, fueled their desire for freedom. Additionally, the rebellion was influenced by broader socio-political unrest in the Abbasid Caliphate, as discontent grew among various groups within society. The Zanj, led by the charismatic leader Ali ibn Muhammad, sought to establish an independent state and overthrow their oppressors.