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The Romans invaded Britain, but never went to Ireland, therefore they did not really come to the British Isles. The emperor Claudius ordered the conquest of Britannia to bolster his weak political position in Rome through the glory and prestige of conquest. He sent four legions in 43 AD. These occupied a portion of England east of a line between the estuaries of the Humber and the Severn. Conflict with the tribes of Wales then developed. It took 26 years for the Romans to subdue Wales. The dominant tribe in the north of England, the Brigantes, was an ally. However, after Cartimandua, their queen, divorced Venutius the latter made alliances with nearby peoples and waged war against her and her Roman protectors in 57 he was defeated by the Romans. Venutius rebelled again in 69 and the Romans did not have enough troops. Cartimandua was evacuated and Venutius seized power. Vespasian, who became emperor in 69, appointed Quintus Petillius Cerialis as governor of Britannia in 71. Cerialis brought the Legio II Adiutrix and campaigned against the Brigantes. In 77 he was replaced by Gnaeus Julius Agricola who crushed a rebellion by the Ordovices of north Wales and in 70 he pushed into Caledonia (Scotland), probably as far as Dundee, virtually unchallenged. He defeated the Caledonians in a battle. He was then recalled back to Rome. In the 140s, under the reign of Antoninus Pius, the Romans pushed into southern Scotland and built Antonine Wall between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde. For unknown reasons the wall was abandoned eight year later and the Romans pulled back to Hadrian's Wall. In 208 the emperor Septimius Severus campaigned in Scotland and defeated the Caledonians. When the latter rebelled he vowed to exterminate them, but he died. His sons, Caracalla and Geta left Scotland and returned to Rome to engage in a power struggle. This was the last Roman campaign in Scotland.

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9y ago

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