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Some 320 years after the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire, the Carolingian Empire (800-888) was created. This was the only empire which was created in Europe during this period.

The eastern part of the Roman Empire was not affected by the Germanic invasions which led to the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire and continued to exist for nearly 1,000 years after the fall of the western part. Historians have coined the term Byzantine Empire to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part. The people in question did not use this term. They called their empire Roman Empire or Romania (this referred to this empire and not the country which was later called Romania).

The term Byzantine is derived from Byzantium, the Greek city which was redeveloped, turned into the imperial capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire and renamed Constantinople by the emperor Constantine the Great in 330. It is used to indicate the fact that not long after the fall of the west, this empire became centred on Greece and Greek in character after it lost most of its non-Greek territories. Greek replaced Latin as the official language of this empire in 620, some 150 years after the fall of the west.

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