What happened after the Jews rose up against the Romans in 66 CE?

Answer 1

The suppression of the Bar Kokhba rebellion of 132-136 necessitated the mobilisation of as much as 1/3 of the Roman army with legions brought in from around the Roman Empire. It is estimated that forces from 12 legions participated in Severus' final campaign; that is some 60,000 soldiers. According to Cassius Dio 580,000 Jews were killed and 58 towns and 985 villages were destroyed and many more died of starvation or disease. After this Hadrian tried to stamp out Judaism, which is saw as a cause of sedition. He banned the Torah and the Hebrew calendar, had the sacred scroll burnt and executed some Jewish scholars. The Jews were not allowed into the Jerusalem, (except on the day of Tisha B'Av) which he decided to rebuild as a Roman city and renamedit Aelia Capitolina (after the name of his clan and that of the god Jupiter Optimus Capitolinus). He erected ta statue of Jupiter (the most important Roman god ) and one of himself at the former Temple sanctuary. In an attempt to erase any memory of Judea, he abolished the name Judea and replaced it with Syria Palaestina (after the Philistines).

Answer 2

The Romans crushed the Jews, destroying the Temple, killing well over one million Jews and enslaving many more. It should be noted that the rebellion against the Romans flouted the explicit counsel of the Torah-sages (Talmud, Gittin 56a). In the second occurrence, the Romans went so far as to outlaw the teaching and practicing of Judaism for a time.

Answer 3

The Emperor Nero put Vespasian in charge dealing with the rebellion. He landed at Ptolemais (modern day Acre, northern Israel) with two legions and was joined by his son Titus who came from Egypt with another legion and by the forces of various local allies including King Agrippa II. Vespasian commanded some 60,000 men. He subdued Galilee. Having gained control of the north, he proceeded to sweep the coast.

The leaders of the revolt in Galilee, and Eleazar ben Simon, (a leader zealots, the extremist nationalist movement), and John of Giscala escaped to Jerusalem with a bulk of their forces. Factionalism led to chaos in the city. .Civil war broke out between the Sadducee Jerusalemites and the Zealots from Galilee. The Edomites entered the city and sided with the Zealots and the Sadducees leader was killed. The latter faction called in Simon bar Giora, a radical peasant leader, who, with 15,000 men took control of the city. Fights between bar Giora and John of Giscala and Eleazar ben Simon, ensued.

Meanwhile a rebellion led to Nero committing suicide. After a civil war Vespasian became the emperor. He returned to Rome and left Titus in charge. Vespasian had been against besieging Jerusalem because he thought he was loose many troops. Titus, instead, marched on the city. Many refugees fled to this city. When Titus reached Jerusalem, the Jews inside he city were still focused on their internal strife.

Jerusalem was besieged for seven months. The Zealots destroyed a stock of food to force the inhabitants to fight instead of negotiating. When Titus started negotiations, they killed Jews who wanted to surrender. The Romans breached the third and second wall and then attacked the Fortress of Antonia which was by the Jewish Temple. Street fighting followed and the zealots fled to the Temple. The Romans took the fortress, but did not manage to breach the wall of the temple. A Roman soldiers threw a burning stick and the temple burnt down. The soldiers slaughtered the population and took 97,000 captives who were enslaved. The city was destroyed and its walls, except or the western one and three towers, were pulled down.

Titus returned to Rome. Roman commanders captured some fortresses in the hands of the rebels. The last stand was taken at Masada, a fortification on a table-mountain that seemed impregnable. It was in the hands of the sicarii, a splinter group of the zealot, the extremist nationalist Jewish group. The Romans built a contravallation, a siege rampant and then a siege ramp up the mountain and moved a siege tower with a battering ram up the mountain. When the Romans breached the wall, the rebels committed mass suicide.

Answer 4

The suppression of the Bar Kokhba rebellion of 132-136 necessitated the mobilisation of as much as 1/3 of the Roman army with legions brought in from around the Roman Empire. It is estimated that forces from 12 legions participated in Severus' final campaign; that is some 60,000 soldiers. According to Cassius Dio 580,000 Jews were killed and 58 towns and 985 villages were destroyed and many more died of starvation or disease. After this Hadrian tried to stamp out Judaism, which is saw as a cause of sedition. He banned the Torah and the Hebrew calendar, had the sacred scroll burnt and executed some Jewish scholars. The Jews were not allowed into the Jerusalem, (except on the day of Tisha B'Av) which he decided to rebuild as a Roman city and renamedit Aelia Capitolina (after the name of his clan and that of the god Jupiter Optimus Capitolinus). He erected ta statue of Jupiter (the most important Roman god ) and one of himself at the former Temple sanctuary. In an attempt to erase any memory of Judea, he abolished the name Judea and replaced it with Syria Palaestina (after the Philistines).

Answer 5

The Romans destroyed the Second Temple soon after, and razed the city of Jerusalem, killing over one million Jews.

The political trigger to the Second Destruction was the anti-Roman revolt fomented by the Zealots, who acted against the advice of the Rabbis and left the Romans no choice but to crush the people (Talmud, Gittin 56).

One reason why God allowed this to happen was that the Jewish people were plagued by an internal enemy, the Sadducees, who had been dragging the spiritual level of the people downwards for many decades. These were men of power who (along the lines of the earlier Hellenizers) were less interested in Torah than in pleasure, politics, and obsequiousness to the Herodian kings and the Romans. Even the once-pious Hasmoneans had eventually become infiltrated by the Sadducees. They'd fomented unnecessary wars, sown discord among the Jewish people (see Talmud, Yoma 9b), and had even killed a number of the leading Torah-sages (Talmud, Kidushin 66a). The Second Destruction, as painful and tragic as it was, at least accomplished the disappearance of the impious cliques (as alluded in the parable in the Talmud, Gittin 56b, in which the "barrel of honey" represents Jerusalem and the Temple, and the "דרקון" [serpent] hints to the Sadducees, among others). Once Jerusalem and the Temple were gone, the men of power melted away and the internal life of the Jewish communities returned to the aegis of the Torah-sages. Other non-traditional groups including the Samaritans and the Essenes also now dissociated themselves from the Jewish people.

Answer 6

The Romans 'banished' them, and banned them from returning ever again...

Answer 7

The Emperor Hadrian ordered Jerusalem completely destroyed, took a huge number of slaves and drove most of the surviving population into exile. Hadrian banned the teaching of Torah, had many leading rabbis tortured to death, and otherwise worked to suppress Judaism. This was the single worst disaster to befall the Jewish people between the Babylonian Exile and the Crusades.