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Trench warfare was used primarily in the Civil War and World War I. Soldiers would dig trenches and get into them to avoid enemy fire. Trenches had often poor conditions and many soldiers died from diseases because of the poor weather conditions and the rat's. The latrines were holes in the ground; the beds where dug into the walls, and soldiers had to walk on boards to keep from sinking into quicksand.

This is a style of tactics used in WWI where Germans and French armies used to dig trenches to shelter them from enemy fire, using the trenches as positions from where to assail the other's trenches. Trench warfare is often used as an opposite of movement warfare.
Trench Warfare is the episode of a TV series, the episode of Conquest

Or if you're talking about WWI (which is more likley)

Trench warfare is a form of occupied fighting lines, consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are largely protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. It has become a byword for attrition warfare, for stalemate in conflict, with a slow wearing down of opposing forces.

Trench warfare occurred when a military revolution in firepower was not matched by similar advances in mobility, resulting in a grueling form of warfare in which the defense held the advantage. In World War I, both sides constructed elaborate trench and dugout systems opposing each other along a front, protected from assault by barbed wire. The area between opposing trench lines (known as "no man's land") was fully exposed to artillery fire from both sides. Attacks, even if successful, often sustained severe casualties as a matter of course.

Wikipedia^
"Trench warfare" involves digging trenches deep enough to provide cover and protection from enemy rifle attacks. By 1917, the infantry fighting between French and British infantry on one side and German infantry on the other had become so deadly (due to machine guns and artillery) that it was nearly impossible for infantry soldiers to survive on the surface. So they dug trenches, and expanded the trenches to provide shelter from fire.
By 1916 the war was at a stalemate as both sides settled into trenches on their respective sides of the front line. Almost 1000km of 3 meter deep ditches threaded with layers of barb-wire barricades were dug along the Western front from Belgium to Switzerland. The territory between Allied and enemy trenches was labelled as "No Man's Land". Each side bombarded the other with heavy shells then used masses of infantry to attack the enemy soldiers in their own trenches. The men at the front lived for weeks at a time in the trenches - dug out pits of thick mud, infested with rats, lice, and germs- waiting for the signal to go "over the top" in an effort to gain a few hundred meters of enemy territory. Soldiers in the trenches were often forced to sit along the remains of their fallen comrades. Day after day, this stalemate continued unchanged: while the death toll climbed, everything else remained the same.

***PLEASE NOTE: I didn't create this answer, I merely took it from my textbook, 'Canada's History: Voices and Visions' by Susan LeBel and Jeff Orr.***

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