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At the time of the rise of Islam in the 7th century, the main empire ruling the Mediterranean world was the Byzantine Empire. This Eastern Roman Empire had its capital in Constantinople and controlled significant territories across the eastern Mediterranean, including parts of the Balkans, North Africa, and the Near East. Concurrently, the Sassanian Empire was also a major power in the region, particularly in Persia and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The emergence of Islam would soon lead to significant territorial changes, impacting both empires.

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6d ago

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