What new knowledge reached Europe in the high middle ages?

Answer 1

New technology was brought into Europe and developed within Europe during the High Middle Ages. It included the following:

• Wine press, invented in Europe
• Artesian well, invented in Europe
• Ribbed vault, said to be invented in Europe
• Segmental arch bridge, possibly imported from the East
• Treadwheel crane
• Stationary harbor crane, invented in Europe
• Floating crane, invented in Europe
• Water hammer, probably invented in Spain.
• European style wheelbarrow, though this may be earlier and a foreign import.
• Oil paint, developed in Europe, starting in the Early Middle Ages, with development culminating in the Late Middle Ages.
• Hourglass, a European invention, possibly of the Early Middle Ages, but certainly before the High Middle Ages ended.
• Clocks, invented in China, possibly reinvented in Europe
• Paper making, invented in China and by Arabs.
• Compass, invented in China or by Arabs.
• Stern mounted rudder, invented in Europe
• Eye glasses, invented in Italy of the High Middle Ages.
• Watermarks, a European invention
• Arabic numerals, invented in India, were introduced to Europe in the High Middle Ages
• Spinning wheels, probably imported from the East
• Horizontal looms, probably imported from the East
• Buttons used as fasteners, invented in Germany
• Liquor, derived in Europe from an Arab invention
• Magnets
• Mirrors, invented in the Middle East
• Cannons, invented in China, possibly reinvented in Europe
• Gun powder, invented in China, possibly reinvented in Europe
• Counterweight trebuchet
• Chimneys and modern types of fireplaces, invented in Northern Europe

Answer 2

During the High Middle Ages, Europe experienced a revival of learning and a transmission of knowledge from other parts of the world. Some key new knowledge that reached Europe during this time included advancements in science, mathematics, and medicine from the Islamic world, as well as the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman texts. This period also saw the introduction of new agricultural techniques and technologies, such as the three-field system and the use of watermills.