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If the C is followed by an E, I or Y, then the C would soften into an S sound.

There are some ways to stop the following letters from softening the C:

Firstly, we can double the C like "soccer". However, this might not work out because it sometimes make both hard and soft sounds like "accident","accept","accent","access","success", etc.

Secondly, we can put an H after C like "architect","chemical","orchid","schedule","orchestra","chyme",etc. However, this might sound quite unobvious because CH is already a consonant digraph which sounds like a voiceless J like "chair","chain","chin","chart","Chess",etc.

Thirdly, we can replace the C with a K like "king","kind","keep", etc. The C and K generally makes the same sound.

If the following letter is an E, I or Y, you'll notice that we use a K instead. That's because if we use the C with these following letters, then it'll soften into an S sound.

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What are the rules for using C or K?

The C and K generally makes the same sound but for which one to use depends on the following letters. If the following letter is E, I or Y, then we use a K instead because if we use a C, the following letters would soften the C into an S sound. If the following letter is anything else, then we can use a C, because it'll remain a hard C and this is quite usual to use. Things doesn't always follow the rules and there are some rule-breaker exceptions. Sometimes, we use a K although the following letters won't soften the C like "karma", "krill", "krypton", "koala", "kosher", "Korea", "kangaroo", "Kansas", etc. The K is generally used if the following letters would soften the C, otherwise we would use a C instead.


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Related Questions

When the C and G will soften?

When the C or G is followed by an E, I or Y, then they'll soften. Soft C sounds like an S while soft G sounds like a J. If we want these consonants to be hard but the following letter would soften, then for C, when can add an H like chemical, orchid, schedule, orchestra, etc. However, CH is already a consonant digraph that sounds like a voiceless J like chair, chain, chime, choice, choose, chance, chat, chart, chase, chin, church, etc. so it might get quite vague and confusing. Sometimes, if wanted a hard C but the following letter would soften, then we can use a K instead like kid, kind, king, kill, kiss, keen, keep, kestrel, etc. If we want a hard G but the following letter would soften the G, we can add a U but it'll become a silent U like guitar, guide, guard, guess, guest,etc. If we double the consonant, then the letter would remain hard although the following letter would soften. Sometimes, there are some exceptions. For example, give, girl, giggle, get, tiger, gear and verb tenses ending with G like banging and ringing remains a hard G sound although the following letters would soften the G. If the verb tenses like banging and ringing becomes a soft G, then it would sound odd, so that might be the reason why the G won't soften although the following letters would soften the G.


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What are the rules for using C or K?

The C and K generally makes the same sound but for which one to use depends on the following letters. If the following letter is E, I or Y, then we use a K instead because if we use a C, the following letters would soften the C into an S sound. If the following letter is anything else, then we can use a C, because it'll remain a hard C and this is quite usual to use. Things doesn't always follow the rules and there are some rule-breaker exceptions. Sometimes, we use a K although the following letters won't soften the C like "karma", "krill", "krypton", "koala", "kosher", "Korea", "kangaroo", "Kansas", etc. The K is generally used if the following letters would soften the C, otherwise we would use a C instead.


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There are some rules with the hard and soft G. A soft G sounds like a J. When the G is followed by an E, I or Y, then it'll soften into a J sound. If the G is followed by anything else, then the G would remain hard. If we want a hard C but the following letters are softeners, we just replace the C with a K as these letters generally makes the same sound. If we want a hard G but the following letters are softeners, we can't replace the G as there's no letter which generally makes the same sound, so we add an H or U after G and before the softening vowels for defense. The H/U is silent and we don't pronounce but it's like a Defender H/U which blocks the following softeners from softening the G, so the G remains hard. Some examples of words with G+H, U+E, I, Y pattern is ghee, ghetto, gherkin, spaghetti, guild, guilty, guitar, guess, guest, guide, etc. The following softeners can only soften the G directly without a letter between. Adding an H/U can block these following softeners, which they can't slice through another letter to soften the G, so the Defender H/U is important to help protect the G sound from being softened by the following softeners. However, that's not always the case. There are some rule-breakers or exceptions like gear, get, gelding, give, girl, giggle, gift, tiger, gill, etc., which remains the hard G sound despite the following softeners.This is like an impact theory. The E, I, or Y are a very bossy letter to C and G because when these letters follow them, they impact to make the C/G say their soft sounds. If the word contains the G+H, U+E, I, Y pattern, the softener defenders, H/U blocks the following softener's impact, which helps retain the hard G sound. In this case, the G sound would be free from the following softeners.G+H, U+E, I, Y Pattern Depiction:G=Referring ConsonantH, U=Softener DefendersE, I, Y=Following Softeners


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