Caliph (or Khalifa in Arabic)
The Muslims, the Companions of Prophet Hazrat Muhammad SAW , elected Hazrat Abu Bakr RAU their Ruler, the First Rightful Caliph. He was succeeded by Hazrat Omar RAU who founded the Muslim Empire.
Madina Munawara, Mecca Mukarma and the surrounding small states.
God revelation of Quran to prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through the angel Gabriel (Jibril) started in year 610 AD and continued through year 632 AD (year of prophet Muhammad death). The Islamic nation was one country ruled by one ruler but was not an empire with the common curently political sense. However, this single nation or entity were artificially split into different countries and entities in year 1917-1922 after the First World War and most of these countries were put under occupation by many western countries.
After Muhammad's death in 632 CE, tension arose over leadership succession in the Islamic community due to differing views on who should be the rightful ruler. Some, like the supporters of Abu Bakr, believed that leadership should come from among Muhammad's close companions, while others, particularly those loyal to Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, argued that leadership should remain within his family. This division led to the formation of distinct factions, ultimately resulting in the Sunni-Shia split, which has continued to influence Islamic politics and society to this day. The lack of a clear system for succession contributed to this conflict and the subsequent power struggles within the early Islamic community.
Islamic Empire started since Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) became the Ruler of the Arabian peninsula, Muhammad(PBUH) started to preach, There is Only "ONE GOD" worthy of Worship and that there was only one way for salvation: total obedience to the mighty God. This is the meaning of the word "Islam" in Arabic( Islam is the Way of Life of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad (PBUH)). The adepts of Islam were Muslims - "submissive, indulgent". Muhammad's (PBUH) after death, The successors the Caliphs, the Umayyad, the Abbasids, the Ottomans established the biggest empire which reached to the east up to China, and to the West up to Spain!
it was divided by disagreements over which muslims should be leaders
it was divided by disagreements over which muslims should be leaders
The successors of the Prophet Muhammad ruled as both religious and political leaders, and by the prophet's teachings of unharsh and fair ruling, which caused the Muslims in the Islamic empire to stay united after the death of the Prophet and also expand the empire.
The successors of the Prophet Muhammad ruled as both religious and political leaders, and by the prophet's teachings of unharsh and fair ruling, which caused the Muslims in the Islamic empire to stay united after the death of the Prophet and also expand the empire.
The city, Medina, was first to be a part of the Islamic empire. It had been there at Muhammad's death.
The word is "Khaleefa" /kəli:fə/ or Caliph Arabic writing: خليفة
These individuals as a group are known as the SAHABA or Apostles of Muhammad. The regime that they founded was called the RIGHTLY-GUIDED CALIPHATE or RASHIDUN CALIPHATE.
Zacilarey
At the time of Prophet Muhammad's death in 632 CE, Islamic power extended mainly across the Arabian Peninsula, with the city of Medina as the political and religious center. The religion was also gaining traction among tribes and communities in neighboring regions, but the vast Islamic empire as we know it today had not yet been established.
The Muslims, the Companions of Prophet Hazrat Muhammad SAW , elected Hazrat Abu Bakr RAU their Ruler, the First Rightful Caliph. He was succeeded by Hazrat Omar RAU who founded the Muslim Empire.
At the time of Mohammed's death, the Islamic Empire included all of the following modern countries: Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait. However, there was some Islamic Influence in Persia (modern day Iran and Iraq) because of Islamic envoys like the Apostle Salman the Persian.
The first Rashidoon Caliph Hazrat Abu Bakar RAU was elected the highest leader of the Muslims after the death of Hazrat Muhammad SAW. He liked to be called as Khalifa -tur - Rasool. After him, Hazrat Omar RAU and the succeeding Rashidoon Caliphs were given the title: Amir-ul-Momineen.