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Fascism was the governing ideology of Germany and Italy. It was fascist thinking that led both countries to believe that they were right to start the war and that they could win it. A central tenet of Fascism was that they were superior to all other peoples. This sense of innate superiority made it impossible for the German and Italian leaders to accept, or even imagine, that they could lose the war. Thus they kept on fighting long after there was even the slightest hope of even a conditional surrender permitting the survival of their governments. They fought to the very end instead of seeking a negotiated peace much earlier on. This resulted in terrible destruction and devastation of their countries.

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