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The answer is B. The mongols, They decimated the major islamic nations in the near and Middle East, sacked Bagdad and destroyed the cisterns and irrigation networks that had made this region fertile. The Crusaders were a minor problem in comparison.

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a. weastern europeans invading muslims land

b. mongols tribes invading muslims land

c. dissensions between rival fractions in Islam

d. famine and diseases introduced from Africa

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