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WWII was the last war in which virtually every US citizen was expected to participate, by virtually everyone else (as well as by law in most instances). However, the civilian population was not engaged in actually fighting the war, as in the European countries where battles were fought. The war effort took over factories and shipping and most other commercial enterprises.

From rationing coupons, to work, to joining the military, everyone contributed. It was also the last time all available men classified as 1H (excluded by age or dependent status) were called up for military duty. A lot of surprised grocery store clerks received induction notices, and a lot them were there on D-Day as well. If you were older than 44 years old, you probably tried every trick possible to join the service, and if that failed you had to come up with something to explain to everyone else that you were "doing your part." You became an "Army AirCorps Observer" manning a makeshift military observers post. Always ready to lift the receiver and give the alarm every telephone operator knew; "Army Flash! Twelve Nakajima Fighters, estimated altitude 8,000 feet, speed 200 knots, bearing 140 degrees, heading in direction of Boeing Aircraft Factory." The operator was to immediately relay or connect you to Army Operations. It was a very big deal, and, for a long while after Pearl Harbor, this was taken very seriously, as the nation thought the Japanese might actually attack or invade the mainland.

A huge number of factory jobs were taken over by women workers, since the male workers were in the armed forces.

Total War means every individual must be doing something to assist in the war effort. If you were a kid in America or Canada, you collected tin cans, or tin foil, or bottles. You did something, you gave up something, you collected things to give.

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