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The term fall of Rome refers to the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire, rather than the fall of the city of Rome, which fell under the weight of the invasions by the germanic peoples. The eastern part of the Roman empire was not affected and continued to exist for nearly 1,000 years.

The Germanic peoples who invaded the western part of the Roman Empire formed their own kingdoms in its former areas. The Vandals established a kingdom in north-western Africa, the Visigoths established one in and south-western France, Spain and Potugal the Burgundians established one in Burgundy and Savoy in eastern France, while the Alemanni of southern Germany took over Alsace (in north-eastern France) and the Swiss plateau.

The group which increased gradually its power the most was the Franks. They had been allowed to settle in Holland south if the river Rhine by the Romans. They took over a Roman rump state in central Gaul (the Domain of Soissons) in 486, the territories of the Alemanni in 496- 506, the territory of the Visigoths in Gaul in 507 and the territory of the Burgundians in 533. Thus they formed the largest kingdom in Europe which covered central and southern Germany, Southern Germany, Switzerland and most of Gaul. Later they expanded further, taking over the last territories in Gaul by 778 and Bavaria and Austria in 778.

Later still Charlemagne established the Carolingian empire. Pope Leo III gave him Italy and crowned him emperor in exchange for ending Lombards rule in Italy The then invaded northern Germany and a part of northern Spain in the early 9th century. Thus, the Franks eventually came to rule most of continental Western Europe.

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