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Christianity was spread around the Roman Empire by the teachings of the apostles who travelled in the eastern part of the empire, North Africa and Rome to spread the gospels.

The work of Tertullian laid the foundations of Latin or Western Christianity from Carthage in Tunisia. It became the mainstream Christianity of the western part of the Roman Empire. Latin Christianity later came to be called Catholicism.

The foundation of Greek or Eastern Christianity were laid by the theologians of the Catechetical School of Alexandria in Egypt (which according to Jerome, who was a priest, theological and historian of Christianity, was founded by Mark the Apostle) and the School of Antioch in Syria. It became the mainstream Christianity of the eastern part of the Roman Empire. Later it came to be called Orthodox Christianity.

Arius, an ascetic Christian priest in Alexandria of Libyan origin, spread a dissident Christian doctrine which was popular around the empire. It was called Arian Christianity or Arianism and it was the main dissident Christian doctrine. It was suppressed from 380 on when the co-emperors Gratian and Theodosius I decreed that Latin and Greek Christianity were the sole legitimate religion of the Roman Empire in the Edict of Thessalonica of 380. Dissident Christian doctrines were branded as heretic and banned. The persecution of the Arian Christians begun soon after the issuing of this edict.

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