Who are the opponents of the roman army?

Answer 1

ancient Rome had many foes during her 1,200 years of history. In the early days when Rome was still only a regional power the enemies were the neighbouring Sabines, other Latin cities, the Aequi and the Volsci. The Etruscan cities of Tarquinii and Vulsci in southern Etruria fought against the Romans. The main Etruscan enemy of Rome was the city of Veii (which was only 10 miles from Rome) until the Romans destroyed it in 396 BC. Rome was at war three times with the Samnites of Southern Italy. During the last of these wars Rome also fought the Umbrians and the Senone Gauls. Thy Etruscan cites of Ortona Clusium, Volsiniiand Perusia and Arretium fought the Romans in 310 BC, 294 BC and 283 BC. The Greek King of Epirus tried to invade southern Italy, but Rome defeated him. The Gauls of northern Italy tried to attack the Romans, but they were conquered.

In 9 AD, the Cherusci of north-western Germany led and alliance with the, Bructeri, Marsi, Sicambri, Chauci and Chatti . They defeated three Roman legions.

Rome's main enemy in the 3rd and 2nd century BC were the Carthaginians. From 113 BC to 101 BC the Romans Cimbrian War fought a war against the Cimbri and the Teutones, two Germanic peoples who attacked the empire. The main enemy in the early 1st century BC was Mithridates VI, the king of Pontus (in north-eastern Turkey. From the late 1st century BC and through the rest of Roman history the most powerful enemy were the Persians.

In From 88 to 105 BC the Dacians (who lived in Romania and Moldova) attacked the Roman Empire. The emperor Trajan conquered Dacia. The Jews rebelled against the Romans several times

From the late 2nd century AD onwards other enemies were Iranian speaking peoples (the Scythians and the Iazyges) who lived east of the Roman empire and Germanic peoples (the Franks, Alemanni, Marcomanni, and Quadi) who lived north of the empire and the Visigoths (a Germanic people who lived to the east of the empire). These peoples carried out many invasions into the empire in the late 2nd century BC and in the Third century BC. They were all repelled, but at a great cost. In the fifth century BC the Huns attacked the Balkan Peninsula (south-eastern Europe) three times and tried to invade Gaul. Later in that century, the Vandals, Sueves, Burgundians (Germanic peoples) and the Alans (an Iranian speaking people) invaded the western part of the Roman Empire. The Alemanni took advantage of this to take over Switzerland and north-eastern France. The Franks soon pushed into northern and central France. The Angles, Saxon, Jutes and Frisians(Germanic peoples) migrated to Britain in waves.

Answer 2

A great many peoples were opponents of the Romans over the 1,200 years on their history. The earliest one was the Etruscan city-state of Veii, which was a neighbour (it was only 10 miles away) and which fought on and off wars from 752 BC. to 396B.C.,when the Romans destroyed it. From the late 7th century B.C. to the early 5th century B.C. the main opponents were other neighbours, the Sabines and the other Latin city-states (united in the Latin league).The Etrucan city-states on Tarquinii, Veii and Clusium attacked Tome in 509 B.C. and 508 B.C. The Romans had to fight defensive wars against the Volsci from 495 B.C. to 341 B.C. and the Aequi from 484 B.C. to 388 B.C. The coastal city-states of Tarquinii and Vulsci fought Rome between 358 B.C. and 351 B.C.

The Romans and the Samnites, who lived to the south of Rome, fought three wars (the Three Samnite Wars, 343-341 B.C., 326 -304 B.C. and 298-290 B.C. During the second of these wars all of the inland Etruscan cities, except for Aretium (Cortona, Perusia, Clusium and Volsinii) also fought Rome in 311 B.C. and 308 B.C. There were more hostilities by these Etruscan ities in the interwar period, in 302 B.C. and 299 B.C. At the beginning of the third war, the mentioned inland Etruscan cities, including Aretium, and the Senones, one of the tribes of northern Italy were allied of the Samnites, but they were defeated in 297 B.C., and 295 B.C. After the war, in 284 B.C. the Senone defeated the Romans but were defeated in 283 B.C. in 283 B.C. the Senones and the mentioned Etruscan cities, , fought a battle against the Romans.

The next challenge was Pyrrhus, the king of the Greek kingdom of Epirus, who brought a large army to southern Italy. The Romans as and Pyrrhus fought the Pyrrhic War ((280-275 BC). Next came the Three Punic Wars (264-241 B.C., 218-201 B.C., and 149-146 B.C.) between Rome and Carthage, which led to Rome dominating the western Mediterranean. In the first interwar period there was also conflict with the Illyrians (First Illyrian War, 229-228 B.C) and with the Insubres (225 B.C., 222 B.C.) and the Boii (224 B.C., 194 B.C., and 193 BC.). The latter two were two tribes of the Gauls of northern Italy. The Romans also fought four wars against the Greek Kingdom of Macedon ((214 -205 B.C., 200-196 B.C., 172-168 .BC., and 150 to 148 B.C.), one was against the Greek Seleucid Empire (192 to 188 B.C.), one against the Greek Achaean League (188 B.C.) and three against Mithridates VI, the king of Pontus (88-84 BC., 83-81 BC., and 75-63 B.C.). They defeated attacks by the Arverni and the Allobroges (two Gallic tribes) in southern France (122-120 B.C.). In Spain they faced rebellions by the Celtiberians(Celtiberian War 181- 179 B.C. and Numantine War, 154-152 B.C), the Lusitanian (Lusitanian War155-139 B.C.) and fought against the Cantabri, and the Astures (in the Cantabrian Wars, 29-19 B.C.), they fought a war against Jugurtha, an usurper king in Numidia ( the Jugurthine War, 112-106 B.C.). The Romans also faced invasions by the Cimri and Teutones(The Cimbrian War, 113-101 B.C.) In his conquest of Gaul (Gallic Wars, 58-50 B.C.), Julius Caesar fought the Arverni, Ambianes, Atrebates, Aduatuci. Bituriges Caletes, Eburones, Helvetii, Menapii, Morini, Nervii, Sotiates, Suessiones, Veliocasses, Veneti. Viromandui, which were Gaul peoples, the Suebi, which were Germanics, the Aquitanian and the Catuvellauni of Britain.

All of the above was during the period of the Roman Republic. During the period of rule by emperors, Augustus fought the Cantabri, and Astures in Hispania (Cantabrian Wars (29-19 BC.), the Noricans (in parts of Austria and southern Germany), the Illyrians and the Pannonians (in western Hungary and eastern Austria) in the Illyrian Revolt (6-9 A.D.) and the Chatti, Sicambri, Marsi and Marcomanni in Germany and the Frisi in the Netherlands. In 27 B.C. the Nubians (who lived in northern Sudan) attacked Roman Egypt. A coalition of Germanic peoples (the (Cherusci, Marsi, Chatti, Bructeri, Chauci and Sicambri) ruoted three Roman legions at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (Germany) in 9. The Romans also fought wars against to Persian empires (the Parthian and he Sasanian empires) for several centuries. Claudius' generals fought the Catuvellauni, Durotriges and Dumnonii in the invasion of southern Britain in . Thre Romans also fought the Silures, Ordovices and Dobunni in Wales. The Iceni of eastern England, led by Boudicca rebelled in 60. Vespasian sent the general Agricola to invade the north of England, where he defeated the Brigantesand fought the Picts when he invaded Scotland (77-83). Domitian fought the Dacians (Dacian War. 86-88) in Romania. They were defeated by Trajan (Dacian Wars, 101-102 and 105-106), who also defeated Persians. Marcus Aurelius had to fend off invasions by the Marcomanni, Quadi, Iazyges, Naristi, Chatti, Chauci, Lombards, Hermunduri, Sueves, Buri, Cotini, Vandals , Roxolani, Bastarnae, Costoboci (in the Marcomannic Wars, 166-180). One of Septimius Severus's generals fought the Garamantes in Tripolitania and the empror fought the Picts in Scotland. In the third century the Roman Empire was attacked by the Heruli, Goths, Gepids and Peuciniin the east and by the Franks and the Alemanni in the west. In the fifth century there were attacks by the Alemanni, again, in the west, the Angles Saxons, Jutes and Frisians in Britain and by the Huns, both in the east and the west. Finally, there were the invasionsof the western part of the Roman Empire by the Vandals, Sueves and Alans. The Alemanni and the Burgundians also seized territories. The Franks and the Visigoths, who had been allies of Rome, also became opponents of the Romans and seized territories. The Lombards invaded Italy in 568.