Well, during the early 15th century it is arguable that the Spanish and Portuguese were the major naval powers controlling most of the seas between Europe and South America. However because of the non official government project pirating campaign of the English which sack many of their ships it is debatable who really controlled the waves.
While the Spanish also had the famous Armada this was defeated by the English. The English it is therefore arguable controlled the seas throughout the 15th century. However during the 16th century English power over the oceans began to wane and the Dutch become a large naval power. However they did not become particularly powerful until the 17th century.
This is and educated estimation of European naval power however Asian naval power is something else with possibly the Chinese having a large expansive fleet dealing in trade throughout the Indian ocean.
Baroque.
The oldest Protestant churches can be dated back to the fifteenth century. They are Unitas Fratrum, which was the original name of the Moravian church) and the Moravian Church. Protestant churches usually date their inception to around the sixteenth century.
In the sixteenth century there were so many problems and they were being killed so harsh and hard.
Sixteenth
Portuguese
Baroque.
In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Spain became one of the richest nations in the world primarily due to its vast colonial empire in the Americas. The influx of gold and silver, particularly from mines in Mexico and Peru, significantly boosted the Spanish economy. However, this wealth also led to inflation and economic challenges in the long run, as well as contributing to Spain's involvement in costly wars. Despite these issues, during this period, Spain was undeniably one of the most powerful and affluent nations globally.
During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, advancements in navigation, exploration, and printing technology enabled natural philosophers to access new information and exchange ideas more readily. The rediscovery of ancient texts, the development of the scientific method, and the questioning of traditional beliefs also played key roles in shaping new views among natural philosophers during this time. Additionally, the rise of humanism and a shift towards empirical observation and experimentation further influenced the development of modern scientific thought.
language barrriers
TRUE. I'm positive ;)
Astronomy, mechanics and medicine
Iconoclasm refers to the intentional destruction of religious icons, images, and monuments, often motivated by a belief that such representations lead to idolatry and distract from true worship. During the Protestant Reformation in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, many Protestant groups rejected the use of religious art, viewing it as contrary to their interpretation of Christianity. This led to widespread acts of iconoclasm across Europe, where churches and artworks were vandalized or destroyed in an effort to purify faith and practice. The movement significantly altered the landscape of religious art and architecture in the affected regions.
China's isolation during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries led to a self-contained economy and limited technological advancement compared to Western nations. This isolation contributed to a lack of engagement with global trade networks, which hindered the exchange of ideas and innovations. As a result, China fell behind in industrialization, ultimately impacting its global influence and power in subsequent centuries.
In Italy during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries thinkers and
Scholasticism was the dominant force in Europe from the eleventh to fifteenth centuries. It was a method of critical thought that sought to reconcile faith and reason through the works of theologians such as St. Thomas Aquinas. Humanism and Neoplatonism were also influential during this time but did not hold the same level of dominance as Scholasticism.
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Europe's population experienced significant fluctuations due to various factors, including wars, plagues, and economic changes. The population initially grew in the early sixteenth century, driven by improvements in agriculture and a relatively stable climate. However, the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and recurrent outbreaks of the bubonic plague caused sharp declines in population in several regions. By the end of the seventeenth century, population recovery began, setting the stage for further growth in the following centuries.
The oldest Protestant churches can be dated back to the fifteenth century. They are Unitas Fratrum, which was the original name of the Moravian church) and the Moravian Church. Protestant churches usually date their inception to around the sixteenth century.