Actually, there were more than three. They included kingdoms of the Franks, Burgundians, Visigoths, Suebi, Ostrogoths, Lombards, and Vandals within the area of the old West Roman Empire. In addition, there were Saxons, Frisians, Danes, Carinthians, Bavarians, and others in other parts of continental Europe. There were nearly twenty small Germanic kingdoms in Britain, including Kent, Mercia, Essex, Wessex, Sussex, Northumbria, and East Anglia, which were probably the most important.
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Europe was divide into countries in a way similar to what it is today in many places, primarily by language and culture. Parts of Europe were divided into many kingdoms, and other parts were not. The reasons behind the way things were varied from place to place. The Byzantine Empire was large through much of the Middle Ages, though it tended to get smaller as time passed. France was not quite as large as it is today. The Holy Roman Empire was a good deal larger than modern Germany. After the middle of the 10th century, England was about the same size as it is. There a number of kingdoms within the Holy Roman Empire, but they were feudal territories inside a monarchy, much like counties or duchies. Spain was divided into small kingdoms, which gradually united. Italy had kingdoms and republics, and was basically a number of city states at some points in history. Norway, Sweden, and Denmark were separate kingdoms, but they were united in the Kalmar Union by Queen Margaret I of Denmark.
they were a group of people who settled in Europe and started expanding and trading with neighbors. they were also hit by the black death
The strongest civilizing force in Europe during the early Middle Ages was the Church.
guild system of Europe in Middle Ages
The Crusades increased the population of trade between Europe and the Middle East.