Which countries were direct and indirect rule?

Answer 1

Direct rule was commonly implemented by European powers in colonies where they maintained tight control over governance, such as in French West Africa and the Congo under Belgium. Indirect rule, on the other hand, was utilized by the British in places like Nigeria and India, where local rulers were retained to administer day-to-day governance while still under British oversight. This system was often seen as a way to reduce administrative costs and maintain stability by co-opting local elites.