It is not against the law for an employer to refuse health insurance to their employees. Many companies and major corporations do offer health insurance through health benefits administrators, which are part of the HR department of the company you work for. You might want to get more information about this for your company or from the health benefits administrator of your company.
Yes, you are allowed to refuse to be covered by the employer's plan. They may ask you for proof of coverage elsewhere, which you may or may not have. The insurance carrier wants this, in order to know that people are not dropping out for other reasons. Even if you do not have coverage elsewhere, you can still refuse to join the employer's plan.
Your employer can refuse if they have good reason. I'm not certain what kind of reason that could be, but if they are providing insurance to everyone else except you, you might have a discrimination case on your hands.
Not in the United States or Canada, unless the employer also refuses insurance coverage to opposite-sex spouses.
Of course it can.
No, an employer cannot legally force you to work against your will. Employees have the right to refuse work that is unsafe or violates labor laws.
No. If you refuse to let them see your medical records, they don't have to insure you.
You cannot be asked medical questions or health questions if you are applying for a job. Your employer can ask you health questions and can even ask for your medical records, but you do have the right to refuse those requests.
Your health insurance will cover you no matter how you got hurt. I can take a knife and stick it in my arm and go to the hospital and my health insurance will cover me. The only times your health insurance will not cover you is if you have specific exemptions in your coverage, which are rare.
They cannot refuse "after-the-fact."
Yes they are responsible for anything not paid by your husband's health insurance. And, in the absence of Worker's Comp, you can take them to court if they refuse to pay.
In the UK a company has to have certain liability insurance for the public and employees. The type and extent of that insurance would depend on the business itself. No company is required to supply personal health insurance outside of the liabilities of such insurance.
The way that an employer would refuse to give an employee a handbook is they are trying to with hold a benefit.