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The United Kingdom has no single, written document that forms its constitution. The guiding principles of British government are contained in a variety of statutes and treaties. The fundaments of British constitutional law are Parlimentary sovereignty and the rule of law: that is, the ultimate law of the United Kingdom is that enacted by Parliament, and that those laws apply to all persons equally. There are complications as a result of a lack of codification in this area; for instance, Parliament has passed laws granting former colonies independence -- the repeal of these laws, despite Parliament's status as the ultimate law of the land, would almost certainly not result in the repeal of independence. The UK is also a unitary state, meaning that all other lawmaking bodies in the country (for example, Welsh and Scottish Parliaments) gain their authority from acts of British Parliament. This differs from the United States, in that the US is a federation, and its constituent states have lawmaking bodies that are not granted authority by the central, federal government, thus making it possible for contituent states to have laws that differ broadly from federal law in certain respects. Further, the US Constitution provides for three "separate but equal" branches of government: the Executive (the President, Cabinet, and so on), the Legislative (the Congress), and the Judicial (federal and supreme courts). British government does not function in this way; its executive power and cabinet are drawn from the Parliament itself. There is no unified judicial branch -- England and Wales share one, Scotland has its own, as does Northern Ireland -- and it is under the authority of Her Majesty's Government, ie, the Executive. All acts of Parliament are technically equal; because there is no codified Constitution, it cannot be amended. The British Bill of Rights, passed in the late 17th Century, was influential on the later American Bill of Rights, though there are significant differences: there is no right to freedom of speech outside Parliament, for instance.

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