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There are several animal species commonly called buffalo, one species of which is domesticated; the rest are wild animals. The young of all these species are referred to as calves (singular: calf).

The species of buffalo are:

(Asian) water buffalo (Bubalos bubalis) - a member of, or relative of, the genus Bos (cattle), either wild or domesticated, and widely farmed as meat, dairy and draught cattle.

(Asian) wild water buffalo (Bubalos amee) - the ancestor of the domestic water buffalo.

African buffalo, or Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) - a distant relative of the water buffalo, a large wild bovine plentiful in Africa and a very hardy animal. It is not considered possible to domesticate the African buffalo.

American bison (Bison bison) - a wild bovine found in North America in two subspecies, Bison bison bison and Bison bison athabascae, not usually domesticated, although they can be tamed to some extent and certainly can crossbreed with domestic cattle.

European bison or Wisent, pronounced Vi-zunt, (Bison bonasus) - of Asian origin, and smaller than the American bison, it is the heaviest native land animal in Europe. Herds roam forests in some Eastern European countries, reintroduced from captive animals, since the animal was rendered extinct due to over-hunting; the last wild (prior to reintroduction) Wisent was killed in 1927.

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