Organizational behavior helps managers understand what motivates employees. With this information, managers can help employees work harder and meet their goals, which resolves some practical issues.
Three basic layers of management are usually some version of front line supervisors, middle managers and executives. The front line supervisors are the direct supervisors of line staff. The managers are responsible for supervising the front line supervisors. The executives are the direct supervisors of the middle managers and also the leaders of the company.
President, Vice President, Senior Vice President, CEO, Managers in every Department, Supervisors, Secretaries and many to mention. It depends on what the company needs.
There are various People Management Theories. Some are:Maslow's hierarchy of needs theoryAccording to this theory, people have layers of needs, and until the lower-layer needs are satisfied, they will not move to satisfy the upper-layer needs. For example, if you are unemployed and broke, and as a result your very survival is in danger, you don't care about buying health insurance or life insurance or dating to look for a life partner.Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theoryThis theory classifies the factors needed to motivate people into two categories: hygiene factors and motivating factors. Hygiene factors are necessary for motivation but not sufficient; they do not bring satisfaction, but they prevent dissatisfaction. Some examples are compensation; company policies; level of supervision or ownership of the assigned work; relationship with superiors, subordinates, and peers; and working conditions. Motivating factors are factors that bring (or increase) job satisfaction. Some examples are challenging work assignment, opportunity for career advancement and accomplishments, opportunity for growth, sense of responsibility, and recognition.McGregor's X-Y theoryAccording to McGregor, there are the following two types of managers:• Theory X managers - These managers believe that most of the people are self-centered, are only motivated by their physiological and safety needs, and are indifferent to the needs of the organization they work for. They (usually the team) lack ambition and have very little creativity and problem-solving capacity. As a result, they dislike their work and will try to avoid it. They will also avoid taking responsibility and initiative. There is one word to describe Theory X managers: distrust. They distrust their employees. These managers, therefore, tend to be authoritarian.• Theory Y managers - As opposed to Theory X managers, Theory Y managers trust their employees. They believe that most of the people are high performers in a proper work environment. This is because most of the people are creative and committed to meeting the needs of the organization they work for. Theory Y managers also believe that most people like to take responsibility and initiative and are self-disciplined. Finally, they also believe that most people are motivated by all levels of needs in the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. These managers tend to provide more freedom and opportunity for career growth.etc
Some managers don't delegate because they feel like only they can do the job right. This hurts small businesses because it limits their capabilities.
well, the modern economies and businesses needs, is forcing all managers to act as leaders as well, though its nto neccessary for evry leader to manage any thing. but a person who is managing is supoposted to lead the team he is managing, create oppurtunity, discover potential, add vlaues, illustrate how can an improvement for some process to reflect on the bunisness? but leader are nto supposted to manage things, they have to leade and inspire the wider team, including managers. hope this answesrs your question Omar
Managers
Organizational behavior helps managers understand what motivates employees. With this information, managers can help employees work harder and meet their goals, which resolves some practical issues.
Some common approaches to develop managers include training and development programs, mentoring and coaching from experienced leaders, on-the-job experiences and stretch assignments to build new skills, and feedback and performance evaluations to identify areas for improvement and growth.
Personal Attributes1 . Knowledge of information systemsIf managers are aware of what computer-based systems can do, their information requests will probably be more sophisticated and more specific. Their knowledge of capabilities and costs places them in a much better position to aid in the design of a good system.2. Managerial StyleA manager's technical background, leadership style, and decision-making ability all affect the kind and amount of information required. Some prefer a greater amount; Others like to decide with a minimum of detail and prefer personal consulatation with subordiantes.3. Manager's perception of information needs" You tell me what I need to know" and "get me all the facts" represent two opposite perceptions of information needs. This dichotomy is due partly to the fact that many managers are ignorant of what information they need. Another dimension of the problem is the widely differing views of the managers regarding their obligation to disseminate information to subordinates and to groups outside the firm. Teh manager wh ocannot or will not delegate authority is likely to keep information closely held.Organisational environment1. Nature of the companyProblems in communication and in controlling operations seem to be a function of the comapny's size and the complexity of its organization. The larger more complex firms require more formal information systems, and the information needs of these systems become more critical to operations.2. Level of ManagementThere are three levels of management (i.e strategic planning, management control, operation control) and the varying needs for information at each. Each level needs different type of information, generally in different form. top levels need the one-time report, the summary, the single inquiry. The management control level needs the exception report the summary and the variety of periodic reports for regular evaluation. The operational control level requires teh formal report with fixed procedures, the day-to-day report of transactions, to maintain operational control of actions as they occur. Managers at all levels have changing information needs, depending on the nature and importance of the particular decision.3. Structure of the organisationThe more highly structured the organization, the easier it is to determine the information needs. Where authority and responsisbility are clearly speelled out, relationships understood, and decision-making areas defined, the information needs of managers can be determined more easily.
Some information needs to be modified; such information is useless if it's in a memory where it can't be modified.
The first obstacle to managers in making effective decisions is bias. Managers are often bias to certain individuals or information that provides more weight in making effective decisions. The second obstacle is overconfidence. Some managers overestimate their abilities, and overlook team members that have strengths to get the job done.
Three basic layers of management are usually some version of front line supervisors, middle managers and executives. The front line supervisors are the direct supervisors of line staff. The managers are responsible for supervising the front line supervisors. The executives are the direct supervisors of the middle managers and also the leaders of the company.
Management information systems increase efficiency and provide many benefits. They include faster problem solving, better learning and communication. It also creates a competitive advantage, encourages innovation, and speeds up and automates the managerial position.
President, Vice President, Senior Vice President, CEO, Managers in every Department, Supervisors, Secretaries and many to mention. It depends on what the company needs.
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