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The Gospel of Matthew was originally written anonymously and was only attributed to the disciple Matthew by the Church Fathers later in the second century. biblical scholars say that the book is most unlikely to have been written by an eyewitness to the life and mission of Jesus.

Matthew's Gospel is considered to have used Mark's Gospel as its main source of information about the life and mission of Jesus. Whenever Matthew agrees with Mark it does so quite faithfully in the Greek language, using almost exactly the same words. Along with the author of Luke, the author of this Gospel also used the hypothetical 'Q' document as a source for sayings attributed to Jesus. Because 'Q' generally contains no context for the sayings, each evangelist had to create his own, generally different, context and time for these sayings, which were generally attributed to Jesus as parables. more than any other gospel, Matthew portrays the Old Testament scriptures as prophesying or foreshadowing Jesus.

Some believe that Matthew was a gospel written to the Jews, but this is perhaps naive, as the Jews would have realised immediately that the virgin birth in the Matthew's nativity account was based on the Greek Septuagint, not on the original Hebrew scriptures. Also, the level of anti-Jewish sentiment in Matthew militates against the book being addressed to Jews in general. It may have been intended for Jews of the diaspora, or more probably for "God Fearers" - pagans who had become interested in Judaism.

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