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Yes, the size of a capacitor "matters" just as much as the size of a resistor "matters". In both a capacitor and a resistor "size" refers not only to the electrical value of the item but to its current-carrying capacity: a small resistor will burn up if you try to push too much current through it. A big resistor will be able to carry a much higher current than a small one having the same resistance value.

Similarly, a small capacitor will be destroyed if you try to push too much current through it and a big capacitor will be able to carry a much higher current than a small one, even if both have exactly the same capacitance value. Capacitance values are measured in Farads (F), microFarads (uF) and picoFarads (pF). Just as a resistor has "Resistance " measured in Ohms, a capacitor has "Capacitive Reactance" or "Impedance", measured in Ohms.

The Impedance of a capacitor varies with the frequency of the alternating current passing through it. (This is quite different behavior to a resistor: the Resistance of a resistor does not change with the frequency.) If you look in a book about electrical engineering components you will be able to learn how the Capacitive Impedance is calculated according to the frequency. "The impedance of a capacitor is inversely proportional to the frequency - that is, for very high-frequency alternating currents the reactance approaches zero - so that a capacitor is nearly a short circuit to a very high frequency AC source. Conversely, for very low frequency alternating currents, the reactance increases without bound so that a capacitor is nearly an open circuit to a very low frequency AC source. This frequency-dependent behaviour accounts for most uses of the capacitor." [From Answers.com]

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Q: Does the size of a capacitor matter?
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