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He successfully challenged the Papacy's monopoly grip on organized Christianity in Central and Western Europe. Those who had tried this before, like Wycliffe (1325(?)-1384) and Hus (1369-1415) and their followers, had ended up in very serious trouble. (Hus was burnt at the stake in 1415 on the orders of Catholic bishops despite a solemn promise of safety). As in the case of Wycliffe and Hus, Luther's original intention was to reform the Church, not to split it (hence the word Reformation). The split occurred when it became obvious that reform within the Church was impossible (Augsburg Confession [of Faith] 1530). Luther campaigned against many late medieval abuses in the Catholic Church. Among his important achievements were the rejection of the authority of the Pope, the enhancement of the authority of scripture and the translation of the Bible into German. Luther's success owed much to changed historical circumstances. There were now secular rulers who backed reform and opposed Papal authority, including Luther's own prince - the Elector of Saxony, for example. Nearly all the Free Cities of the Holy Roman Empire supported reform, too. The Reformation went much further than Luther had ever intended and saw the rise of Calvin and Anabaptists and so forth - but that is another story.
Martin Luther changed the world by challenging the Catholic church and declaring that their corruption and greed were not part of real Christianity. He created his own church, which was the start of Protestantism.

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