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How the history of imperialism contributed to the ethnic conflict in the Rwanda Burundi?
Wiki User
∙ 8y ago
The Rwandan Genocide did not stem from a long-established cultural distinction -- actually the two main cultural groups, the Hutus and the Tutsis have very similar cultures including language -- but from European Imperialism. From 1922 to 1962 Belgium ruled over Rwanda, claiming the Tutsis as superior and even issuing distinctive identity cards. When Rwanda gained its independence, the ethnic divide didn't go away, and the Hutus felt the need to seek vengeance on being oppressed all those years, forming a Dictatorship over the country.
While tension and violence was present -- at this point much of the Tutsi population had been forced out -- the 1994 Rwandan Genocide itself was sparked by the murder of President Juvénal Habyarimana, a Hutu, as his plane was shot down. To do this day it is still not clear who did it; however, the extremist Hutu government blamed the Tutsis and began ordering the killing of every single Tutsi, man, woman and child. Even civilian Hutus were to kill their Tutsi neighbors, or face death themselves. The numbers were horrific: 800,000 killed in just 100 days, mostly Tutsis by Hutus.
Today Rwanda is a primarily peaceful country, although this is because the government is so strict it barely allows any opposing parties or political freedom to exist, a source of contention for many.
Neighboring Burundi had a similar history regarding imperialism and the Belgians, and experienced a Hutu-led genocide in 1972, also killing Hutus who wouldn't side with their rebellion. When Tutsi President Michel Micombero declared martial law and the Tutsis began fighting back, the situation went from killing political officials to any Hutu in sight. In 1993, another mass Tutsi genocide occurred, after the assassination of Hutu President Ndadaye.
As Rwanda and Burundi are neighboring countries, their conflicts affect and influence each other.
Sources:
All Things Global History
BBC News
History.com
United Human Rights Council
Wiki User
∙ 8y ago
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