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Mauryan Empire; reign of Ashoka (269-232 B.C.); spread of Buddhism.
Kautilya's Arthasastra was the most important source for the study of Mauryan Empire. Kautilya was generally considered to be the architect of the first Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta's rise to power. Arthasastra was divided into 15 sections and 180 sub-sections.
From the records of the history of ancient India it was written that the Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya with the help of Kautilya by overthrowing the Nandas. Local powers had been disrupted by the westward withdrawal of Alexander the great's and his Macedonian and Persian armies. By 316 B.C.E. the empire had fully occupied Northwestern India, defeating and conquering the satraps left by Alexander.
The Mauryan Empire was arguably the largest empire to rule the Indian subcontinent. Its decline began fifty years after Ashoka's rule ended, and it dissolved in 185 B.C.E. with the rise of the Sunga Dynasty in Magadha. Under Chandragupta, the Mauryan Empire conquered the trans-Indus region, defeating its Macedonian rulers.
Chandragupta Maurya's embrace of Jainism increased social and religious renewal and reform across his society. Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism was the foundation of social and political peace and non-violence across all of India. The era fostered the spread of Buddhist ideals into Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, West Asia, and Mediterranean Europe.
Chandragupta's minister Kautilya Chanakya wrote the Arthashastra, considered one of the greatest treatises on economics, politics, foreign affairs, administration, military arts, war, and religion ever produced.
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