I see 21 "Gilbert"s in 19 states in the US, including 2 in Ohio and 2 in Pennsylvania,
and several more in other countries.
All of the constellations of the zodiac can be seen from anywhere in the world outside
the polar regions, including Scorpius, Sagittarius, and Capricorn conveniently placed for
evening viewing in June.
If regular sleep is not an issue, then every constellation of the zodiac except Capricorn
should be visible somewhere above the horizon at sometime of the night in June.
If the questioner could specify his location with more precision, we could in turn put a
finer point on a custom list of constellations.
3
the sun is higher at midday in ther summer than it is in the winter
The constellations are different due to the fact that you're looking completely different parts of the sky. However, some constellations which are directly above the Earth's equatorial regions remain the same.
If you were on the Equator you would see all of them. Otherwise it depends where you live. I live in New Zealand at latitude 35° S. So I can't see any northern stars closer than 35° to the North Celestial Pole. If you live in the north at say 35°N, then you wouldn't see those stars which are closer than 35° to the South Celestial Pole.
Almost . . ."Altitude" is the apparent angle of the object above the horizon.
Circumpolar stars/constellations always stay above our horizon, if they go below our horizon than they are no longer circumpolar.
There are several constellations that are above the horizon in Dayton year round. Among these are Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cancer and Virgo.
south
Depending on your location, the Sun is probably low above the northeastern horizon in the northern hemisphere, or above the southeastern horizon in the southern hemisphere.
At 45 degrees north latitude, the north celestial pole appears 45 degrees above the northern horizon. At 45 degrees south latitude, the south celestial pole appears 45 degrees above the southern horizon.
3
Circumpolar constellations are those that never set below the horizon. The further north (or south) one travels, the more constellations are circumpolar. Where I live, above the 45th parallel, most of the Big Dipper stars are circumpolar, but Arcturus is not, and the constellation of Orion sets below the horizon in the summer. Equatorial constellations are those that pass directly overhead when one is between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. I believe these are primarily the 13 constellations of the zodiac.
the sun is higher at midday in ther summer than it is in the winter
Always above the horizon at your latitude. In the northern hemisphere this will be the northern horizon and the reverse for the southern hemisphere.
No. The Sun is always above the horizon somewhere in the Southern hemisphere just as it always is above the horizon somewhere in the Northern hemisphere. About half of each hemisphere is illuminated at every instant (well more of the Southern hemisphere is illuminated from the end of September to the end of March and more of the Northern hemisphere during the other half year).
No. "Circumpolar" means they remain above the horizon. The only way for that to change is if you travel somewhere else (further south, if you live north of the equator).
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