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Carbon is the element from which Diamond is formed. Just pure carbon. Made deep in the Earth.

The hardest substance known (though all diamonds are not equally hard) and rates 10 on the Mohs hardness scale. This is an arbitrary scale. The hardest diamonds come from the NSW fields of Australia, and are in demand as polishing material.

Diamonds also have the highest 'melting point' of the elements - around 3820oK.

They have the highest thermal conductivity -- about 400 times that of copper.

Other allotropes of carbon are charcoal, graphite, and perhaps graphene.

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