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The AC voltage is in the form of a sine wave. Half the wave is above zero volts and half below. In half wave rectification the bottom half of the wave is chopped off. That leaves a series of "humps' interspersed with a half wave time of zero voltage. The capacitor stores charge that decays through the resistor. The more capacitance the longer the charge is held and the voltage smooths out somewhat to approximate a DC voltage with some ripple. A full wave rectifier flips the bottom half of the waveform above zero so that the period of time the voltage is close to zero is reduced and the less ripple in the output voltage and the capacitor will smooth out the voltage even more.

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Q: What happens to the output waveform as the number of capacitors placed in parallel with resistor increases in half wave rectification?
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