What is Eve or out of Africa hypothesis?

Answer 1

The Eve hypothesis is that all homo sapiens are descended from a single female who lived in Africa. It is based on a theory about the fact that a person gets all or almost all mitochondria is inherited from one's mother. The hypothetical mother of us all is called Eve.
(There is a problem with that theory because another theory claims that the bushmen of southern Africa broke away from other homo sapiens before eve existed and gives an earlier date than hypothetical Eve.)

The out of Africa hypothesis simply states that all of our ancestors originally came from Africa. They came in different waves, at different times, and as different conditions existed in different parts of the world. Most came through the Western Mediterranean and went on from there. Some went South, Some went East, and Some went North. As our ancestors were hunters and gathers, they would need to keep moving to find new plants and animals. So they kept moving until they created bifurcated stone tools which enabled them to kill the largest of grazing animals and also made agriculture possible.

As our ancestors went, they also changed. All babies are born with blue eyes. Occasionally, the eyes do not change like they should have in an African. Some people are born without any pigment. Such people will still have children. They would be lighter in color. As people moved north, those lighter in color would produce enough vitamin D. Those not light enough would not. Random skin coloration that would cause death in Africa enabled our ancestors to survive in Europe and Northern Asia.