Who faced nonviolent struggle of India?

Answer 1

In India, Bose met with the spiritual Indian leader, Mahatma Gandhi, and C. R. Das and thereafter joined the Congress Party. Soon after, Bose and C. R. Das were arrested on Christmas Day in 1921 for successfully organising a boycott against the Prince of Wales' visit to India and were sentenced to six months imprisonment. Upon his release, he busied himself with flood relief work, editorial services for the publication Forward in Calcutta and conducting propaganda for the Swaraj Party. In 1924, Bose was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Calcutta Corporation at the same time when C. R. Das was elected Mayor of Calcutta. Bose was again detained, in Mandalay, under the new Bengal Ordinance on 24 October 1924. He was released only two-and-a-half years later on the grounds of ill-health as he was suffering from tuberculosis. From 1928 to 1937, he continued to remain in politics, being arrested twice by British authorities. He was appointed President of the Indian Congress Party in 1938 but resigned on 28 April 1939. Bose was an advocate of armed resistance against British colonialism; he could not come to terms with the ideology of non-violent resistance which Gandhi preached. Upon his resignation, he formed the All India Forward Block on 3 May 1939, a party within Congress, in an attempt to bring together the Leftist faction and fight Gandhism. He fought a losing battle against both Gandhi and the Congress party for 20 months until he was removed from the presidency of the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee and banned from holding any elective office for three years. In March 1940, Bose convened an Anti-Compromise Conference at Ramgarh in Bihar under the joint auspices of the Forward Block and Kisan Sabha and by June 1940 demanded the establishment of a Provisional National Government in India.

Arrested again on 21 July 1940, Bose this time went on a hunger strike, demanding for his release, which came only in December 1940. Despite strict surveillance, Bose managed to escape under the guise of a Muslim religious teacher. With the help of the Italian Embassy, and travelling under the name of "Orlando Mazzota", he reached Germany via Moscow. Here he recruited Indian prisoners-of-war in Europe and North Africa to form the Indian Legion (or Azad Hind Fauj or "Free India Army") to fight for India's freedom. Inspired by his leadership, his followers in Berlin honoured him with the name "Bose Netaji", acknowledging his stature as a leader.

Answer 2

British Empire

Answer 3

Mohandas Gandhi