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Roman Scipio Africanus had shipped an army to North Africa to threaten Carthage.
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Who defeated Carthage?
Rome? After Hannibal retreated back to Carthage (present day Tunisia), the Romans followed him there and wiped out their army. Carthage was basically a commerce state and didn't have much of their own military, just mercenaries. They didn't support Hannibal or the war very well and in the end were overrun. I think Scipio Africanus was instrumental in defeating Carthage, he was a Roman general. - Hannibal wasn't "kicked out of Italy" , he pretty much destroyed all the Roman forces he met, even when he was outnumbered and with no reinforcements. - When Romans couldn't beat him, they decided to attack Carthage the city instead, he was miles from conquering Rome. - Facing that danger Carthage senates recalled Hannibal and ordered him to defend the city, he faced Romans in Battle of Zama which he lost vs Scipio Africanus, mainly because Romans had the Numidians (nowadays Algerians) on their side, Numdians were that era's best Cavalry, they destroyed Carthaginian Cavalry then went to attack Carthage's main force from the back.
Why did Carthage lose the Punic Wars to ancient Rome?
The First - because Rome developed a navy to match Carthage's, and used devices such as the Harpax - a missile which was a grappling hook, allowing Roman ships to reel in opposing ones for baording, and the Corvus, a boarding plank with a spike to catch the opposing ship's deck and allow the superior infantry to fight land battles on the Carthaginian ships.The Second - Rome was able to retain most of its Latin allies against Hannibal's attempts to detach them, and so had an inexhaustible supply of manpower and supply; and Scipio's master stroke of invading Carthage, obligating Hannibal's withdrawal from Italy.(There is debate on why Hannibal didn't exploit his victories over Rome by attempting to capture the city - whether he let his troops become lazy and plunder the surrounding farmland instead of going for a final outcome. The fact is he had to plunder Roman territory for food, as he couldn't take that of his own allies without alienating them; that he simply didn't have a siege train to breach the city walls; and if he concentrated his force on the city, he risked Rome using an extended siege to turn his allies back to their side - it was a no win option)The Third - an isolated Carthage simply couldn't match the forces Rome assembled from Italy and North Africa against her.
The destruction of Carthage was so complete because?
After the first two wars and Carthage bouncing back resiliently to challenge Roman hegemony in the Western Meditteranean, Rome wanted a 'final solution' to Carthage' s rivalry, so they fabricated the third war, burnt the city and sold its people into slavery.
Who laid waste to Carthage and why?
Rome had fought three wars with Carthage over dominance of the Western Mediterranean. Carthage was so resilient that it kept bouncing back, so Rome went for the 'final solution', selling the people into slavery, and converting Carthage into a resettlement colony for its retired veterans.
Is french people leave France are they allowed back?
no, not for 14 years and 268 days, if they leave France, even walk five steps outside the border of France, they arnt allowed back into France for 14 years and 268days, if they do come back within that time, they are removed forcefully, and never allowed to return. they usually go to live in Spain,Italy or Germany as they are closest, which is why if you go to those countries a lot of the people can speak french and that language. because they left and then came back.
What Italian port did Hannibal leave from when he went back to Carthage after Rome attacked?
Hannibal left from Croto (modern Crotone) in Calabria, the toe of Italy.
Why did Hannibal go back to North Africa in 203 b.c?
He was a citizen of Carthage, on the African coast, who spent years fighting against the Romans and who occupied northern Italy for a time seeking a truce with the Romans. The Romans were tricky and thought if they attacked Carthage that Hannibal would be forced to leave Italy and return to North Africa to defend is homeland. The trick worked and Hannibal returned to North Africa. He left his elephants in the care of several Zoos in Italy.
What made Hannibal flee Italy and go back to Carthage?
He didn't flee, he was recalled to face a Roman invasion force led by Scipio Africanis threatening Carthage.
Hannibal remained in Italy until what?
Hannibal remained in Italy until he was recalled back to Africa for defense. He was in Italy for more than thirteen years.
Did Hannibal eat people?
Hannibal was not cannibal but this was one of the nicknames that he had. He had stayed in Italy for 13 years and went back to Africa to defend them.
Hannibal was called back to help after Rome attacked it From what Italian port did he leave?
Zama
Did any roman generals defect to Hannibal?
No Roman general defected to Hannibal. Some of the allies of Rome in southern Italy temporarily defected to Hannibal because they thought Hannibal was having the upper hand. When the tide turned in Rome's favour, they went back to Rome's fold.
Why did Rome take such a hard Acton against Carthage after Hannibal's death?
There was great bitterness against Carthage because of the many thousands of Roman deaths which had been caused by Hannibal's invasion of Italy. Moreover, the party which wanted the destruction of Carthage was worried about her becoming a great power again and giving Rome trouble again. Despite the harsh peace terms imposed on Carthage by Rome, Carthage prospered. Rome imposed heavy war indemnities to be paid over 50 years to hold back Carthage economically. Ironically, one conditions imposed by Rome, the demilitarisation of the city, helped Carthage. The Carthaginians saved a lot of money by not having to pay for an army. Carthage also had one of the most fertile lands in the Mediterranean. She paid the heavy war indemnities easily and offered to pay the indemnity more quickly, but Rome refused. Her economy was thriving. This was presented as a threat to Rome by the pro-destruction of Carthage party. Their leader, Cato the Elder, ended all his speeches by saying "furthermore Carthage must be destroyed." Not all Romans agreed with destroying Carthage, but the pro-war party won the day.
How did the Punic Wars affect Carthage?
The Punic Wars ultimately ended in the complete and utter destruction of Carthage. The First Punic War was fought over Sicily. It was an important grain producing region, and Carthage very much wanted it as their own. It was primarily a naval war, taking place in the Mediterranean between North Africa (Carthage) and Italy (Rome). Carthage failed in the First Punic War, lost any chance at Sicily, had to pay huge war debts to Rome and ultimately fell into the Mercenary War afterwards (mercenaries who fought for Carthage during the First Punic War rose up against Carthage, angry at their control in Libya), since their kingdom was hugely destabilised. The Second Punic War was fought over Spain (huge generalization there, but that's the basic bit of information.) After the First Punic War, Rome went off and fought in the Adriatic and were distracted while Carthage (now with the great general Hannibal) set up camp in Spain. Hannibal attacked a Spanish city that was allied with Rome, then crossed the Alps (a move that no one expected him to make) and beat the Romans all the way back to their capital city, though he was never able to get inside Rome. He devastated the rest of Italy, however, and basically paraded up and down the peninsula, taunting Rome. They were at a stalemate, however. So Rome decided to attack the city of Carthage directly while Hannibal is doing his victory lap through Italia. They set sail for Carthage and simultaneously cut off Hannibal's supply ships, forcing Hannibal to return home and fight the Battle of Zama, which he lost. The result for Carthage here was their total submission to Rome, which held the right to approve most anything that Carthage did. Carthage's empire was reduced down to only the city that is its' namesake. The Third Punic War was the killing blow for Carthage. Rome sort of made a half hearted attempt and still completely crushed them. Carthage (the city) was sacked, burned to the ground, and everyone who had not died from famine or in the battle were made into slaves. The story of Romans sowing the city's farmland with salt is debated, though I think modern sources agree that it is a later fabrication. There isn't any contemporary (ancient) proof that it actually happened. Regardless, however, Carthage was utterly ruined.
Why did Hannibal invade Italy?
It was said that Hannibal wanted to take revenge for Rome seizing the islands of Corsica and Sardinia, which had been Carthaginian possessions, taking advantage of Carthage having to deal with a rebellion of her mercenaries after the Fist Punic War.
Was Hannibal's army extremely triumphant in Italy?
Hannibal enjoyed a four crushing military victories in the Italian peninsula during his 15-year occupation. Thy were the battles of Ticinus, Trebia, Trasimene, and Cannae. After this, the Romans changed strategy and although Hannibal won a few more battles, he was pushed back into southern Italy by the superior pool of soldiers available to the Roman legions. Then the Romans intercepted his brother, Hasdrubal, who was bringing reinforcements from Spain to his depleted forces, and destroyed his army. In addition to this, they also defeated the Carthaginians in Spain, Hannibal power base, and took over the Carthaginian territories there, thus depriving Hannibal of any chance of further reinforcements. At this point he withdrew to the easily defensible mountains of Calabria (the toe of Italy) and was stuck there for four years. He was recalled to Carthage when Scipio Africanus undertook a campaign in Carthage's homeland (Tunisia). Two elements were the basis of Hannibal's military victories: his military cunning and a superior cavalry. Hannibal was one the greatest military commanders of antiquity. He was a brilliant tactician and his military cunning played an important role in his victories. The superiority of his cavalry was also important. His army was 2/3 cavalry and 1/3 infantry. The Romans and their Italian allies had about 1/3 cavalry and 2/3 infantry. Thus, Hannibal could use his large cavalry to envelope the enemy infantry, attack it at the rear and slaughter the enemy. This is how Hannibal won his greatest victory at Cannae. The cavalry of the Romans and her Italian allies was too small to be able to counter this.
What were the reasons for the eventual and final Roman victory over the Carthage and it's general Hannibal?
There were several reasons for Rome's eventual victory over Carthage and Hannibal. Firstly, Rome had superior resources and a larger population, allowing them to sustain a long-term war effort. Secondly, Rome adapted its military tactics, adopting the Fabian strategy of avoiding direct confrontation with Hannibal's forces and instead focusing on attrition and wearing down the Carthaginian army. Lastly, Rome's ability to manipulate alliances and gain support from other Mediterranean powers weakened Carthage's position and ultimately led to its defeat.
