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Why the replicon in prokaryotes are larger than that of the eukaryotes?
Replicons in prokaryotes are larger than in eukaryotes because prokaryotes have a smaller and simpler genome structure compared to eukaryotes, which often have more complex genomes with non-coding regions. Prokaryotes also typically have a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes, leading to differences in replicon size. Additionally, prokaryotes often exhibit rapid growth and replication rates, necessitating larger replicons.
Where are genomes found?
Genomes are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which contain the DNA responsible for encoding all the genetic information of an organism. In prokaryotes, such as bacteria, genomes are found in the nucleoid region, which is not a true nucleus but contains the DNA. However, some organisms also have genomes in other cellular compartments, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts.
Are viral genomes larger or smaller as eukaryote genomes?
smaller
What does mitochondria do and why evidence suggest that they might have descended from free living prokaryotes in the evolutionary past?
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, playing a crucial role in cellular metabolism. Evidence suggesting that they descended from free-living prokaryotes includes their own circular DNA, which resembles bacterial genomes, and their double membrane structure, similar to Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, mitochondria replicate independently of the cell cycle, akin to bacterial reproduction, and they possess ribosomes that are more similar to those of prokaryotes than eukaryotes. These characteristics support the endosymbiotic theory, which posits that ancestral eukaryotic cells engulfed these prokaryotic organisms, leading to a symbiotic relationship.
Are DNA genomes found in all organisms and viruses?
yes, but many viruses do not have DNA genome, but RNA genome.
Why is bacteria are different from protozoa?
Bacteria have simple genomes and are prokaryotes Protozoa are eukaryotes with more complex genomes (the ameoba has a 670 billion base pair genome! compared to the human 3.2 billion)
Why the replicon in prokaryotes are larger than that of the eukaryotes?
Replicons in prokaryotes are larger than in eukaryotes because prokaryotes have a smaller and simpler genome structure compared to eukaryotes, which often have more complex genomes with non-coding regions. Prokaryotes also typically have a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes, leading to differences in replicon size. Additionally, prokaryotes often exhibit rapid growth and replication rates, necessitating larger replicons.
What is the gene size of prokaryotes?
The gene size of prokaryotes can vary, but it typically ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand base pairs in length. These genes are compact and often overlap, allowing prokaryotic genomes to be relatively small compared to eukaryotic genomes.
Why study prokaryotes in research instead of eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes have been around for 2 billion more years than eukaryotes so have a much wider diversity. Some prokaryotes can live in extreme environments, so there is a lot to learn from them. Plus the wide range of prokaryotes have not been cataloged while the majority of eukaryotic species have likely been discovered.
Why is DNA synthesis expected to be more complex in eukaryotes than in bacteria?
In eukaryotes, DNA synthesis is expected to be more complex than in bacteria because eukaryotic cells have larger and more complex genomes, with multiple linear chromosomes and additional regulatory mechanisms. This complexity requires more intricate coordination of DNA replication processes in eukaryotic cells compared to bacteria, which typically have simpler circular genomes.
Where are genomes found?
Genomes are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which contain the DNA responsible for encoding all the genetic information of an organism. In prokaryotes, such as bacteria, genomes are found in the nucleoid region, which is not a true nucleus but contains the DNA. However, some organisms also have genomes in other cellular compartments, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts.
Why is DNA replication more complex in eukaryotes compared to bacteria, and can you explain the reasons behind this complexity?
DNA replication is more complex in eukaryotes compared to bacteria due to several reasons. Eukaryotic cells have larger genomes with multiple linear chromosomes, while bacteria have a single circular chromosome. Eukaryotes also have specialized structures called histones that package and organize their DNA, making it more intricate to replicate. Additionally, eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication along their chromosomes, leading to a more intricate process of coordinating and regulating DNA replication. These factors contribute to the increased complexity of DNA replication in eukaryotes compared to bacteria.
Why is DNA replication more complex in eukaryotes compared to bacteria, and what are the specific factors that contribute to this increased complexity?
DNA replication is more complex in eukaryotes compared to bacteria due to several factors. Eukaryotic cells have larger genomes with multiple linear chromosomes, while bacteria have a single circular chromosome. Eukaryotes also have specialized organelles like the nucleus and mitochondria, which require their own replication processes. Additionally, eukaryotic DNA is tightly packed with histone proteins, making it more challenging to access and replicate. These factors contribute to the increased complexity of DNA replication in eukaryotes.
What list of characteristics best describes the eukarta domain?
The eukaryotic domain is characterized by cells that possess a true nucleus, which houses their genetic material, and membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular and include organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and protists. They typically exhibit complex cellular structures and processes, including mitosis and meiosis for cell division. Additionally, eukaryotic organisms have larger and more complex genomes compared to prokaryotes.
How prokaryotes chromosomes differ from eukaryote?
A prokaryotic chromosome consists of a single molecule of DNA in the form of a closed loop. The chromosome is described as circular. A prokaryotic cell has only one chromosome. A eukaryotic chromosome is linear, not circular, in other words it has two ends, like a sausage. Each chromosome contains one molecule of DNA for the first half or so of interphase, then the DNA replicates, and the two DNA molecules remain together (as sister-chromatids) in the same chromosome for the rest of interphase. This does not happen in prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have more than onechromosome. A further difference: prokaryotic chromosomes consist only of a naked DNA molecule, but eukaryotic chromosomes also contain many molecules of proteins (mostly histones). The DNA is wound around these proteins.
Why you used prokaryotes in gene technology?
1. Their genomes are smaller and simpler 2. Gene regulation in prokaryotes is well understood 3. They have short generation times and is therefore easier to analyze the genome of subsequent generations 4. They are easy to culture and monitor
Is nucleolus found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes are a group of organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus. Most prokaryotes are unicellular and are divided into two groups; bacteria and archaea. The word prokaryote comes from the Greek πρό- (pro-) "before" + καρυόν (karyon) " or nutkernel." The defining characteristic is the absence of a nucleus. The genomes of prokaryotes are held within an irregular DNA/protein complex in the cytosol called the nucleoid, which lacks a nuclear envelope. Prokaryotes generally lack membrane-bound cell compartments: such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Instead processes such as oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis take place across the prokaryotic plasma membrane. However, prokaryotes do possess some internal structures, such as cytoskeletons, and the bacterial order Planctomycetes have a membrane around their nucleoid and contain other membrane-bound cellular structures. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain large RNA/protein structures called ribosomes, which produce protein. Prokaryotes are usually much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes also differ from eukaryotes in that they contain only a single loop of stable chromosomal DNA stored in an area named the nucleoid, while eukaryote DNA is found on tightly bound and organized chromosomes. Although some eukaryotes have satellite DNA structures called plasmids, these are generally regarded as a prokaryote feature, and many important genes in prokaryotes are stored on plasmids. Prokaryotes have a larger surface area to volume ratio giving them a higher metabolic rate, a higher growth rate and consequently a shorter generation time compared to Eukaryotes.
