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First signed in December 1959, by the 12 countries that took part in the international Geophysical Year of 1957-58, they were Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The 12 original countries have over the years been joined by other countries. the total now stands at 41 countries who have signed the Treaty.

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