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What is main function of DNA polymerase?
The DNA polymerase enzyme synthesises the complementary DNA strand to a single stranded DNA strand (in vivo and in vitro). This often requires the presence of a 3' end for the polymerase enzyme to bind to before synthesis can begin. Taq polymerase (A DNA polymerase) is often used in PCR reactions to synthesise DNA in vitro using primers to provide a 3' end to bind to.
Name the 3-part structure that makes up both DNA and RNA?
The 3-part structure that makes up DNA and RNA is composed of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA). These components form the backbone of the nucleic acid molecules.
What chemical group is at the end of the 5 prime end of DNA strand?
5' - phosphate group 3' - hydroxyl group
Does replication of DNA begin at one end and process to the other?
Yes, absolutely; from the dsDna's five-prime [5'] end toward its three prime [3'] end.
Which direction does transcription take place?
Transcription takes place in the 5' to 3' direction. This means that RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand in the 3' to 5' direction, synthesizing the complementary RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction.
What is on the 3 prime end of DNA?
The 3' end of DNA refers to the end of the DNA strand that terminates with a free hydroxyl group attached to the 3' carbon of the deoxyribose sugar. This end serves as the site where DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides during DNA replication in a 5' to 3' direction.
What is the significance of the DNA 3' end in genetic sequencing and how does it impact the overall structure and function of DNA molecules?
The DNA 3' end is important in genetic sequencing because it marks the end of a DNA strand and plays a role in DNA replication and protein synthesis. The 3' end impacts the overall structure and function of DNA molecules by influencing how enzymes interact with the DNA strand and how genetic information is read and translated into proteins.
What do 5' and 3' refer to in the context of DNA structure?
In DNA structure, 5' and 3' refer to the ends of the DNA strands. The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the 5th carbon of the sugar molecule, while the 3' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the 3rd carbon. These ends are important for DNA replication and transcription processes.
What is the significance of the 3' and 5' ends in DNA structure?
The 3' and 5' ends in DNA structure are significant because they determine the direction in which genetic information is read and copied. The 3' end has a free hydroxyl group, while the 5' end has a phosphate group attached. This polarity is crucial for DNA replication and transcription processes.
What are the differences between the 3 and 5 prime ends of DNA?
The 3' end of DNA is where new nucleotides are added during DNA replication, while the 5' end is where the phosphate group is located. This difference in structure affects how DNA is synthesized and read by cells.
What is the difference between the 3' and 5' end of DNA?
The 3' end of DNA refers to the end of the DNA strand where the sugar molecule has a free hydroxyl group attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar. The 5' end of DNA refers to the end of the DNA strand where the sugar molecule has a phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar. This difference in chemical structure affects how DNA strands are oriented and synthesized during processes like DNA replication.
What are the differences between the 5 prime and 3 prime ends of DNA?
The 5' prime end of DNA refers to the end of the DNA strand where the phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule. The 3' prime end refers to the end where the hydroxyl group is attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar molecule. These differences in chemical structure affect how DNA strands are synthesized and replicated.
How does the structure of DNA change from a 5 to 3 direction during replication?
During DNA replication, the structure changes from a 5' to 3' direction because DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand. This results in the new strand being synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction.
Why can't DNA polymerase synthesize in the 3' to 5' direction?
DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction because it can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing DNA strand. This is due to the structure of the DNA molecule and the way the nucleotides are arranged.
What does the 5' and 3' designation signify in DNA structure?
The 5' and 3' designations in DNA structure refer to the carbon atoms in the sugar molecule of each nucleotide. The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the 5th carbon atom, while the 3' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the 3rd carbon atom. This orientation is important for DNA replication and synthesis.
What are the differences between the 5' and 3' ends of DNA molecules?
The 5' end of a DNA molecule refers to the end where the phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule in the DNA backbone. The 3' end, on the other hand, is where the hydroxyl group is attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar molecule. This difference in chemical structure affects how DNA is synthesized and replicated.
What is the significance of the 3' and 5' ends in DNA structure and function?
The 3' and 5' ends in DNA are important because they determine the direction in which the DNA molecule is read and replicated. The 3' end has a free hydroxyl group, while the 5' end has a phosphate group attached. This polarity is crucial for DNA replication and transcription processes.
