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ENSO or El Niño Southern Oscillation.

In the tropical Pacific Ocean:

  • Warming of the surface waters in the east and high air pressure in the west is called El Niño.
  • Cooling of the surface waters in the east and low air pressure in the west is called La Niña.

Some of the effects of El Niño:

  • Increased summer rains in Peru and Ecuador.
  • Fish populations there die off, hurting the local fisheries.
  • NW American winters are warmer and drier.
  • NW Mexico and SW US states have cooler and wetter winters.
  • Spring in East Africa is wetter.
  • Northern Australia is drier, leading to more bush fires.
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12y ago

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