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Here are 10 notable eruptions :

  1. Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA - dormant from 1857 until March, 1980 - erupted violently destroying its summit on May 18, 1980.
  2. Soufriére Hills, Montserrat, West Indies - dormant from the 17th century, began erupting on July 18, 1995 and continued including a large eruption on May 28, 2008, rendering much of the island unsafe for habitation.
  3. Mount Pinatubo, Luzon, Philippines - from June 13 to June 15, 1991, the mountain threw out milllions of tons of ash and lava, coinciding with the arrival of Typhoon Yunya in the area. This included thousands of tons of hot metal ores, mainly copper, chromium, nickel, and lead.
  4. Mount Kilauea, Hawaii, USA - active and continuously producing magma since January, 1983, with lava fountain eruptions on several occasions. Mauna Ulu in the same rift zone erupted from 1969 to 1974.
  5. Llaima and Chaitén volcanoes, Chile - both Llaima (east of Temuco) and Chaitén (25 miles from dormant Corcovado) erupted in 2008, Llaima on January 1 and Chaitén on May 1.
  6. El Chichón, southern Mexico - only known eruption was March 29-April 4, 1982, which killed as many as 2,000 people living nearby.
  7. Novarupta, on the Alaskan peninula - the site of the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century, ejecting nearly 7 cubic miles of material from June 6 to 8, 1912. This led to the collapse of the summit of Mount Katmai and the formation of a 6 square mile crater lake. (Fourpeaked volcano, about 100 miles to the west, erupted non-violently in September, 2006 after nearly 10,000 years of dormancy.)
  8. Mount Pelée, Martinique, eastern Caribbean -eruptions of late April, 1902, culminated in a violent explosion of ash and a pyroclastic cloud on May 8, 1902 - this immediately killed virtually all of the 30,000 people in the town of St. Pierre
  9. La Soufriére, St. Vincent, eastern Caribbean - eruption of May 7, 1902, just hours before Mount Peleé, killed 1680 on the island, which would have been notable if not for the vastly greater casualties from Pelée
  10. Krakatoa, Indonesia - between Sumatra and Java islands, Krakatoa is a ring of volcanic islands. After 3 months of eruptions, on August 27,1883, one of the volcano islands was totally obliterated in four incredibly huge explosions. Tsunamis killed between 30,000 and 100,000 residents of the nearby islands, and the ejected ash actually cooled the Earth for two years by creating high reflective clouds of sulfur dioxide.

This does not include the most legendary eruption, that of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which destroyed Pompeii. It again showered ash on southern Europe during later eruptions in 472 and 1631.

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