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Coding DNA is DNA that "codes" for protein creation. DNA is NOT strictly speaking a code however, it's more like a 3D reverse template for the protein. The component chemicals coalesce from the cell's plasma against the coding DNA much like a lot of non-biological catalyzation. When the protein is completed it peels off and does whatever that protein does.
By contrast, non-coding DNA functions in ways other than direct protein synthesis. Some of these functions are being learned, but others are currently unknown. And it is likely that some of the non-coding sections of DNA are "Junk" DNA, ie DNA that does literally nothing.
Junk DNA and non-coding DNA often mutate much faster than coding DNA for the simple reason that mutations in coding DNA are usually fatal.
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Is DNA always six base pairs long?
No, DNA is not always six base pairs long. The length of DNA can vary and is determined by the number of nucleotide base pairs present in the DNA molecule. The human genome, for example, consists of about 3 billion base pairs.
Why aren't DNA strands always six base pairs long?
DNA strands can vary in length based on the specific sequence of nucleotides needed for a particular gene. The length of a DNA strand is determined by the number of base pairs required to encode the necessary genetic information to produce a functional product, such as a protein or RNA molecule. Different genes have different lengths of DNA sequences, resulting in varying numbers of base pairs in the DNA strand.
How many DNA sequences are in a chromosome?
That depends on the size of the chromosome. We can use the largest and smallest human chromosomes as examples, using size information from the Ensembl genome browser (www.ensembl.org). Human chromosome 1, the largest, is estimated to have 247,249,719 base pairs. That is, the DNA sequence in the chromosome is about 247 million base pairs long. Since DNA is double stranded, that equates to about 494 million nucleotides. The smallest chromosome, 22, on the other hand has 49,691,432 base pairs - about 50 million. Hence it has about 100 million nucleotides.
What is an environmental factor that could cause a base sequence in DNA to be changed to a different base sequence?
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause DNA damage and lead to a base sequence change. UV radiation can induce thymine dimers, where two adjacent thymine bases bond together, leading to errors during DNA replication.
Why does a single DNA sequence encode three possible amino acid sequences?
The genetic code is based on a 3 base sequence because the anticodon on the transfer RNA consists of a 3 base sequence. Each transfer RNA carries one amino acid, and the anticodon, the area that attaches to the corresponding codon in the messenger RNA during translation, is only 3 bases long.
How long are the base pairs of Okazaki fragments?
Okazaki fragments are typically around 100-200 base pairs long in prokaryotes and around 1000-2000 base pairs long in eukaryotes.
Is DNA always six base pairs long?
No, DNA is not always six base pairs long. The length of DNA can vary and is determined by the number of nucleotide base pairs present in the DNA molecule. The human genome, for example, consists of about 3 billion base pairs.
If a protein is 3300 amino acids long how many nucleotides pairs long is the gene sequence that codes for this protein?
Since each amino acid is coded for by a combination of three nucleotide bases (a codon), the number of nucleotides in the gene sequence would be 3300 * 3 = 9900 nucleotide base pairs long.
Why aren't DNA strands always six base pairs long?
DNA strands can vary in length based on the specific sequence of nucleotides needed for a particular gene. The length of a DNA strand is determined by the number of base pairs required to encode the necessary genetic information to produce a functional product, such as a protein or RNA molecule. Different genes have different lengths of DNA sequences, resulting in varying numbers of base pairs in the DNA strand.
Excluding the stop sequence how many nucleotides are necessary to code for a polypeptide that is 100 amino acids long?
300 nucleotides are needed to code for a polypeptide that is 100 amino acids long, because each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of 3 nucleotides (codon), and there are 100 amino acids in the polypeptide.
How many DNA sequences are in a chromosome?
That depends on the size of the chromosome. We can use the largest and smallest human chromosomes as examples, using size information from the Ensembl genome browser (www.ensembl.org). Human chromosome 1, the largest, is estimated to have 247,249,719 base pairs. That is, the DNA sequence in the chromosome is about 247 million base pairs long. Since DNA is double stranded, that equates to about 494 million nucleotides. The smallest chromosome, 22, on the other hand has 49,691,432 base pairs - about 50 million. Hence it has about 100 million nucleotides.
One complete turn of the double helix of DNA contains 10 pairs of bases and is 3.4 nm long What is the approximate length of the DNA coding sequence of lysozyme a protein of 129 amino acids?
To determine the length of the DNA coding sequence for a protein, we need to consider that each amino acid is coded for by three nucleotide bases (a codon). Since lysozyme has 129 amino acids, the DNA coding sequence will be 129 * 3 = 387 nucleotide bases long. Given that one complete turn of the DNA double helix contains 10 base pairs and is 3.4 nm long, we can calculate the length of the DNA coding sequence for lysozyme by dividing the total number of bases by the number of base pairs per turn: 387 bases / 10 base pairs = 38.7 turns. Multiplying this by the length of one turn (3.4 nm) gives us the approximate length of the DNA coding sequence for lysozyme, which is 38.7 turns * 3.4 nm/turn = 131.58 nm.
Why did the genome project start?
The human genome project took so long because the genetic makeup of humans is quite complex. It took scientists from all over the world to crack the code.
What is an environmental factor that could cause a base sequence in DNA to be changed to a different base sequence?
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause DNA damage and lead to a base sequence change. UV radiation can induce thymine dimers, where two adjacent thymine bases bond together, leading to errors during DNA replication.
Which fragment of DNA is the longest or biggest?
The fragment of the DNA that is the longest is the one that is the slowest to get to the bottom of the gel in the body. This is because longer DNA are simply the largest base pairs that are digested in the restriction enzymes which make them slower then the shorter ones.
What is GAATTC?
It is a sequence of DNA that is also a palindrom. i.e. the complimentary sequence of DNA would read the same way (but in the other direction). g a a t t c c t t a a g Moreover it is the sequence of DNA recognised by the restriction endonuclease EcoR1, the first such enzyme to be discovered. These enzymes have been important tools in science allowing pieces of DNA to be specifically excised and manipulated.
Why does a single DNA sequence encode three possible amino acid sequences?
The genetic code is based on a 3 base sequence because the anticodon on the transfer RNA consists of a 3 base sequence. Each transfer RNA carries one amino acid, and the anticodon, the area that attaches to the corresponding codon in the messenger RNA during translation, is only 3 bases long.
