Coding DNA is DNA that "codes" for protein creation. DNA is NOT strictly speaking a code however, it's more like a 3D reverse template for the protein. The component chemicals coalesce from the cell's plasma against the coding DNA much like a lot of non-biological catalyzation. When the protein is completed it peels off and does whatever that protein does.
By contrast, non-coding DNA functions in ways other than direct protein synthesis. Some of these functions are being learned, but others are currently unknown. And it is likely that some of the non-coding sections of DNA are "Junk" DNA, ie DNA that does literally nothing.
Junk DNA and non-coding DNA often mutate much faster than coding DNA for the simple reason that mutations in coding DNA are usually fatal.
No, DNA is not always six base pairs long. The length of DNA can vary and is determined by the number of nucleotide base pairs present in the DNA molecule. The human genome, for example, consists of about 3 billion base pairs.
DNA strands can vary in length based on the specific sequence of nucleotides needed for a particular gene. The length of a DNA strand is determined by the number of base pairs required to encode the necessary genetic information to produce a functional product, such as a protein or RNA molecule. Different genes have different lengths of DNA sequences, resulting in varying numbers of base pairs in the DNA strand.
That depends on the size of the chromosome. We can use the largest and smallest human chromosomes as examples, using size information from the Ensembl genome browser (www.ensembl.org). Human chromosome 1, the largest, is estimated to have 247,249,719 base pairs. That is, the DNA sequence in the chromosome is about 247 million base pairs long. Since DNA is double stranded, that equates to about 494 million nucleotides. The smallest chromosome, 22, on the other hand has 49,691,432 base pairs - about 50 million. Hence it has about 100 million nucleotides.
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause DNA damage and lead to a base sequence change. UV radiation can induce thymine dimers, where two adjacent thymine bases bond together, leading to errors during DNA replication.
The genetic code is based on a 3 base sequence because the anticodon on the transfer RNA consists of a 3 base sequence. Each transfer RNA carries one amino acid, and the anticodon, the area that attaches to the corresponding codon in the messenger RNA during translation, is only 3 bases long.
Okazaki fragments are typically around 100-200 base pairs long in prokaryotes and around 1000-2000 base pairs long in eukaryotes.
No, DNA is not always six base pairs long. The length of DNA can vary and is determined by the number of nucleotide base pairs present in the DNA molecule. The human genome, for example, consists of about 3 billion base pairs.
Since each amino acid is coded for by a combination of three nucleotide bases (a codon), the number of nucleotides in the gene sequence would be 3300 * 3 = 9900 nucleotide base pairs long.
DNA strands can vary in length based on the specific sequence of nucleotides needed for a particular gene. The length of a DNA strand is determined by the number of base pairs required to encode the necessary genetic information to produce a functional product, such as a protein or RNA molecule. Different genes have different lengths of DNA sequences, resulting in varying numbers of base pairs in the DNA strand.
300 nucleotides are needed to code for a polypeptide that is 100 amino acids long, because each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of 3 nucleotides (codon), and there are 100 amino acids in the polypeptide.
That depends on the size of the chromosome. We can use the largest and smallest human chromosomes as examples, using size information from the Ensembl genome browser (www.ensembl.org). Human chromosome 1, the largest, is estimated to have 247,249,719 base pairs. That is, the DNA sequence in the chromosome is about 247 million base pairs long. Since DNA is double stranded, that equates to about 494 million nucleotides. The smallest chromosome, 22, on the other hand has 49,691,432 base pairs - about 50 million. Hence it has about 100 million nucleotides.
To determine the length of the DNA coding sequence for a protein, we need to consider that each amino acid is coded for by three nucleotide bases (a codon). Since lysozyme has 129 amino acids, the DNA coding sequence will be 129 * 3 = 387 nucleotide bases long. Given that one complete turn of the DNA double helix contains 10 base pairs and is 3.4 nm long, we can calculate the length of the DNA coding sequence for lysozyme by dividing the total number of bases by the number of base pairs per turn: 387 bases / 10 base pairs = 38.7 turns. Multiplying this by the length of one turn (3.4 nm) gives us the approximate length of the DNA coding sequence for lysozyme, which is 38.7 turns * 3.4 nm/turn = 131.58 nm.
The human genome project took so long because the genetic makeup of humans is quite complex. It took scientists from all over the world to crack the code.
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause DNA damage and lead to a base sequence change. UV radiation can induce thymine dimers, where two adjacent thymine bases bond together, leading to errors during DNA replication.
The fragment of the DNA that is the longest is the one that is the slowest to get to the bottom of the gel in the body. This is because longer DNA are simply the largest base pairs that are digested in the restriction enzymes which make them slower then the shorter ones.
It is a sequence of DNA that is also a palindrom. i.e. the complimentary sequence of DNA would read the same way (but in the other direction). g a a t t c c t t a a g Moreover it is the sequence of DNA recognised by the restriction endonuclease EcoR1, the first such enzyme to be discovered. These enzymes have been important tools in science allowing pieces of DNA to be specifically excised and manipulated.
The genetic code is based on a 3 base sequence because the anticodon on the transfer RNA consists of a 3 base sequence. Each transfer RNA carries one amino acid, and the anticodon, the area that attaches to the corresponding codon in the messenger RNA during translation, is only 3 bases long.