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Is botox an endotoxin or exotoxin?
Botox is an exotoxin. It is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and acts to inhibit neurotransmitter release, leading to a temporary paralysis of muscles.
Why bacillus anthracis susceptible to gamma phage?
Bacillus anthracis is susceptible to gamma phage because the phage has evolved to target and infect specific receptors on the surface of the bacterium. This interaction enables the gamma phage to inject its genetic material into the bacterium, hijacking its machinery to produce more phage particles and ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial cell.
When a phage attaches to a bacterium what does the phage inject and what stays attached to the cell?
When a phage attaches to a bacterium, it injects its genetic material (DNA or RNA) into the cell. The phage capsid (outer protein coat) typically stays attached to the cell surface during this process.
What is the difference between a virulent phage and a temperate phage?
In virology, temperate refers to the life cycle some phages are able to perform. Atemperate phage can integrate its genome into its host bacterium's chromosome, becoming a lysogen known as a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo lytic life cycles, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome and produces phage progeny and the progeny phage leave the bacterium. The virulent phages have only lytic lifecycles and thus infection results in the host cell's death (due to lytic cell destruction-the phage replicates itself and then bursts the cell, releasing many copies).
Which bacteria produces an exotoxin causing toxic shock syndrome?
Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes
Is botox an endotoxin or exotoxin?
Botox is an exotoxin. It is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and acts to inhibit neurotransmitter release, leading to a temporary paralysis of muscles.
What is temperate phage superinfection immunity?
c. Repression of the phage genome - A phage coded protein, called a repressor, is made which binds to a particular site on the phage DNA, called the operator, and shuts off transcription of most phage genes EXCEPT the repressor gene. The result is a stable repressed phage genome which is integrated into the host chromosome. Each temperate phage will only repress its own DNA and not that from other phage, so that repression is very specific (immunity to superinfection with the same phage).Reference: http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/phage.htm
What is a virulence factor for diphtheria?
The virulence factor for diphtheria is an exotoxin named diphtheria exotoxin.
Tetanus of a muscle is thought to be caused by?
Tetanospasmin is thought to cause the symptoms of tetanus, it is a exotoxin produced by the Clostridium tetani bacterium.
A virus that reproduces in a bacterium is called?
phage
What is another term for a lysogenic phage?
temperate phage
When phage attaches to a bacteria the phage injects what?
DNA single
The substance a phage leaves outside its host cell?
The substance a phage leaves outside its host cell is typically referred to as the "phage progeny" or "phage particles." These particles can include newly synthesized phage DNA and proteins, as well as the phage capsid that encapsulates the genetic material. This material can go on to infect other host cells and continue the phage replication cycle.
What is the need for phage titration?
Phage titration is needed to determine the concentration or titer of phages in a sample, which is crucial for ensuring the effectiveness of phage-based therapies, determining the optimal phage concentration for experiments, and monitoring phage growth dynamics in culture. Titration allows researchers to quantify the number of active phages present in a sample, providing valuable information for various applications in phage research and biotechnology.
Is Phage the Untouchable banned in any formats?
Yes, Phage the Untouchable is banned in the Commander format.
Why bacillus anthracis susceptible to gamma phage?
Bacillus anthracis is susceptible to gamma phage because the phage has evolved to target and infect specific receptors on the surface of the bacterium. This interaction enables the gamma phage to inject its genetic material into the bacterium, hijacking its machinery to produce more phage particles and ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial cell.
When a phage attaches to a bacterium what does the phage inject and what stays attached to the cell?
When a phage attaches to a bacterium, it injects its genetic material (DNA or RNA) into the cell. The phage capsid (outer protein coat) typically stays attached to the cell surface during this process.
