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Why does nad become nadh plus h instead of just nadh during glycolysis?
During glycolysis, NAD+ acts as an electron carrier molecule. It accepts two electrons and a proton to form NADH. This is important for the oxidation-reduction reactions that occur during glycolysis, allowing for the transfer of electrons and the generation of ATP.
What happens during oxidation?
in oxidation reaction addition of electron occurs.
What can a cell use to generate a small amount of ATP but must somehow recycle its supply of NAD plus?
A cell can use fermentation to generate a small amount of ATP while also recycling NAD+. In fermentation, glucose is partially oxidized to produce ATP and organic molecules like lactic acid or ethanol. The NADH that is generated during glycolysis is then oxidized back to NAD+ to sustain glycolysis and continue ATP production.
What is the origin of the H plus and electrons that are transferred to NAD plus?
The origin of H+ and electrons transferred to NAD+ during cellular respiration is from the breakdown of glucose in the process of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. These processes generate high-energy electrons that are carried by electron carriers like NADH to the electron transport chain, where they are used to create a proton gradient for ATP production.
An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATP per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is?
Glycolysis is an ATP-generating metabolism that takes place in almost all living cells. It refers to the process of breaking down glucose or other sugars and converting them into pyruvic acid.
What molecule does fermentation provide to glycolysis?
Pyruvic acid is made during glycolysis and is later used in fermentation.
What happens to a muscle contraction if there is an excess amount of either Ca2 plus or ATP present during the contraction?
During muscle contraction the actin heads pull the sarcomere closed
Why does nad become nadh plus h instead of just nadh during glycolysis?
During glycolysis, NAD+ acts as an electron carrier molecule. It accepts two electrons and a proton to form NADH. This is important for the oxidation-reduction reactions that occur during glycolysis, allowing for the transfer of electrons and the generation of ATP.
Describe the role of fermentation in maintaining ATP and NAD plus levels?
Fermentation allows glycolosis to take place. Glycolysis is a process during which, 2 ATP are used to produce 4 ATP, for a net profit of 2 ATP. When oxygen is not present, fermentation allows Glycolysis to continue by creating 2 ATP which are then used to restart the process of glycolysis. Even though the amount of ATP created is small, the process is still able to continue.
What is the function of NAD plus glycolysis?
to accept high energy electrons
What is the main purpose of reduction of pyruvate to lactate during fermentation?
The main purpose of pyruvate reduction to lactate during fermentation is to convert NADH to NAD plus. Early in the glycolysis process, you'll see that there's a step where NAD plus gets reduced to NADH, and then an ATP is produced.
What happens during oxidation?
in oxidation reaction addition of electron occurs.
What regenerates NAD plus as pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactate?
During fermentation, NADH is oxidized back to NAD+ in order to continue glycolysis. This occurs by passing electrons from NADH to pyruvate to form either ethanol or lactate, depending on the organism. This process of regenerating NAD+ allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen.
What is the recycling of NAD plus under anaerobic conditions?
Under anaerobic conditions, NAD+ can be regenerated through fermentation processes that do not require oxygen. During fermentation, pyruvate produced from glycolysis is converted into various end products like lactate or ethanol, which helps regenerate NAD+ from NADH. This allows for continued glycolysis and ATP production in the absence of oxygen.
What happens when NAD plus becomes NADH?
When NAD+ is reduced to NADH, it accepts two electrons and a hydrogen ion, becoming a carrier of high-energy electrons. This conversion usually occurs during cellular respiration where NADH is a key player in transferring electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.
Can high levels of NADH and low levels of NAD plus stimulate glycolysis?
No it cannot. NADH inhibits glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain. HIGH levels of NAD however does stimulate glycolysis but High levels of NADH and low levels of NAD does not stimulate glycolysis but rather inhibits it.
What would happen in fermentation if NAD plus is not regenerated?
If NAD+ is not regenerated during fermentation, glycolysis would be blocked as it depends on the continuous regeneration of NAD+ to continue producing ATP. Without NAD+, the conversion of pyruvate into lactate or ethanol would not occur, leading to a buildup of pyruvate and ultimately halting the production of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
