0
What else can I help you with?
The electron carrier FADH2 is produced by reactions catalyzed by which enzymes of the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Correct answer: II and III
What enzyme is responsible for aerobic respiration?
There are very many enzymes involved. A few from glycolysis are: hexokinase and glucokinase, phosphohexose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase; from pyruvate decarboxylation are pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; and a few from the Kreb's cycle are: aconitase, alpha-ketoglutamate dehydrogenase, succinate thiokinase, and fumarase.
What reaction does aconitase catalyse?
The isomerisation of citrate to isocitrate in the TCA cycles
What breaks down carbon-containing molecules to make ATP?
There are many enzymes that do this work . Some of them are - aconitase , dehydrogenase , thiolase etc . wrbedzinski:speaking for "x" form!
The electron carrier FADH2 is produced by reactions catalyzed by which enzymes of the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Correct answer: II and III
Which reaction we can use isomerase enzyme?
Isomerase enzymes catalyze reactions where structural rearrangement of molecules occurs. Examples include converting glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis by phosphoglucose isomerase, and converting citrate to isocitrate in the citric acid cycle by aconitase.
What enzyme is responsible for aerobic respiration?
There are very many enzymes involved. A few from glycolysis are: hexokinase and glucokinase, phosphohexose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase; from pyruvate decarboxylation are pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; and a few from the Kreb's cycle are: aconitase, alpha-ketoglutamate dehydrogenase, succinate thiokinase, and fumarase.
What major events that occur during Krebs cycle?
Most summaries of the Krebs Cycle will usually indicate that the cycle is an aerobic process (one that requires oxygen) that produces ATP by breaking down glucose.Kreb Cycle shows no oxygen or glucose is used in the cycle and that it does not make much ATP (only one molecule for each acetyl CoA that enters the cycle).
What is the substrate for isomerase?
The substrate of dipeptides is a peptide. These peptides are small proteins comprised of short chains of amino acid monomers bonded by other peptides that occur naturally in biological organisms
What is the Krebs Cycle?
In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis is passed to the second stage of cellular respiration, The Krebs Cycle. During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is broken into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions.You mean the Krebs Cycle. It is a series of chemical reactions in a cell, arranged like a circular bucket brigade in which pyruvate is degraded in steps and the energy at each step transferred to ATP.
Describe the process in krebs cycle?
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within the mitochondria of cells. The cycle involves the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce ATP, the primary energy source for cells. The process can be divided into the following steps: Acetyl-CoA Formation: The cycle starts with the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate, which is generated during glycolysis or from fatty acids. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, and results in the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the formation of NADH. Citrate Formation: Acetyl-CoA then combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which is catalyzed by the enzyme citrate synthase. This reaction also releases CoA. Isocitrate Formation: Citrate is then converted into isocitrate by the enzyme aconitase. This reaction involves the removal of one water molecule and the addition of another. α-Ketoglutarate Formation: Isocitrate is then oxidized by isocitrate dehydrogenase, releasing CO2 and producing NADH. This reaction also forms α-ketoglutarate. Succinyl-CoA Formation: α-Ketoglutarate is then converted into succinyl-CoA by the enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. This reaction also releases CO2 and produces NADH. Succinate Formation: Succinyl-CoA is then converted into succinate by the enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase. This reaction produces ATP. Fumarate Formation: Succinate is then oxidized by succinate dehydrogenase, releasing FADH2 and producing fumarate. Malate Formation: Fumarate is then converted into malate by the enzyme fumarase. Oxaloacetate Formation: Malate is then oxidized by malate dehydrogenase, releasing NADH and producing oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate can then be used to begin the cycle again. Overall, the Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2 molecules for every molecule of glucose that enters the cycle. These products are then used in the electron transport chain to produce more ATP, which can be used for cellular energy.
What are the reactions in the equation for cellular respiration?
Basic Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O Word Equation: Glucose + 6Oxygen --> 6Carbon Dioxide + 6Water However this question is too general there are many reactions in the respiration reaction, glycolysis is the 1st stage of respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm not the mitochondia. There are 9 main steps... Step 1: Glucose + ATP --(Hexokinase)--> Glucose 6 Phosphate + ADP Step 2: Glucose 6 Phosphate --(Phosphoglucose Isomerase)--> Fructose 6 Phosphate Step 3: Fructose 6 Phosphate + ATP --(Phosphofructose Kinase)--> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + ADP Step 4: Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate --(Aldolase)--> 2Glyeraldehyde 3 Phosphate Step 5: 2Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate + 2(PO4)3- + 2NAD --(Dehydrogenase)--> x2 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + 2NADH Step 6: x2 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + 2ADP --(Phosphoglycerate Kinase)--> x2 3-Phosphoglycerate + 2ATP Step 7: x2 3-Phosphoglycerate --(Phosphoglycerate Mutase)--> x2 2-Phosphoglycerate Step 8: x2 2-Phosphoglycerate --(Enolase)--> x2 Phosphoenolpyruvate Step 9: x2 Phosphoenolpyruvate + 2ADP --(Pyruvate Kinase)--> 2Pyruvate + 2ATP * I realsise most of these rections could be divided through by 2 but you've got to realise that for 1 glucose in glycolysis there is a net gain of 2 ATP's and 2 NAD's are reduced. The next stage of respiration is much more simple and occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria, The Link Reaction, there are 2 main steps... Step 1: Pyruvate + NAD --(Decarboxylase & Dehydrogenase)--> Acetyl + CO2 + NADH Step 2: Acetyl + Co-Enzyme A --> Acetyl CoA The Next stage of respiration is the citric acid cycle also known as the krebs cycle, it agin occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and there are 8 main steps... Step 1: Acetyl CoA + Oxoloacetate --(Citrate Synthase)--> Citrate + CoA Step 2: Citrate --(Aconitase)--> Isocitrate Step 3: IsoCitrate + NAD --(Decarboxylase & Dehydrogenase)--> Alpha Ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH Step 4: Alpha Ketoglutarate + NAD + CoA --(Decarboxylase & Dehydrogenase)--> Succinyl CoA + NADH + CO2 Step 5: Succinyl CoA +ADP +(PO4)3- --(Succinyl CoA Synthetase)--> ATP + Succinate Step 6: Succinate + FAD --(Dehydrogenase)--> Fumarate + FADH Step 7: Fumarate --(Fumarase)--> Malate Step 8: Malate + NAD --(Dehydrogenase)--> Oxaloacetate + NADH And the cycle starts again The Final stage of photosynthesis is the electron transport chain, there are no equations in this step it consists of 2 processes chemiosmosis and oxadative Phosphorylation. It is where the reduced NAD & FAD Come to be reoxidised. http://hopes.stanford.edu/sites/hopes/files/f_j13electtrans.jpg Sometimes NAD/FAD are reduced to N/FADH2 depending on the H+ concentration. The electron transport chain is a system of proteins called cytochromes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that contain a Haem group with an iron atom in the middle. NADH--> NAD + H H --> H+ + e- The NADH is oxidised at complex 1 & FADH at complex 2 which is ialso the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme. The electons are then passed along the cytochromes oxidising and reducing the iron atoms. Fe3+ + e- --> Fe2+ Fe2+ --> Fe3+ +e- This in turn creates energy this energy is used to actively transport the H+ ions from the matrix into the inter membrane space across specific prteins this is chemiosmosis. A H+ ion concentration gradient and hence potential energy builds up. The hydrogen ions begin to flow back the the ATP synthase enzymes driving the rotation of part of the enzyme... ADP + (PO4)3- --> ATP This is oxidative phosphorylation. Here is where the oxygen is finally used. It is the final elecrton acceptor and is reduced to oxide, the H+ ions join to the H+ ions to form water, 4e- + 4H+ + O2 --> 2H2O End of respiration You should realise though that these are only the main reactions, sometimes GTP/CTP/TTP are used in place of ATP, water is needed in some reactions to catalyse the hydrolysis of some molecules, so this isn't the whole picture.
