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What is the difference between a thermodynamically favorable and a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction?
Enthalpy change is not the only consideration for whether a reaction is favorable. However, if the enthalpy change is large, it is usually the dominant factor in determining favorability. Therefore, reactions that have a large, negative tend to be favorable, because the reaction usually releases energy when it occurs. Reactions that have a large, positive tend to be unfavorable as written, because the reaction usually requires energy to occur.
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What is a driven reaction?
A driven reaction is a chemical reaction that proceeds spontaneously in a particular direction due to either an exergonic change in free energy or the consumption of one or more high-energy molecules. This results in the reaction being thermodynamically favorable and proceeding without the need for external energy input.
What is the meaning of thermodynamically favored reactions?
When a chemical reaction is described as being "thermodynamically favored," it means that it requires a great deal of activation energy for it to occur.
Why does a product not form even if the activation energy is available?
Even if the activation energy is available, a product may not form if the reaction is not thermodynamically favorable. This means that the reaction may not proceed in the forward direction because the products have a higher free energy than the reactants. In such cases, even with sufficient activation energy, the reaction will not occur.
Which describes the changing gives free energy of a spontaneous reaction?
In a spontaneous reaction, the change in free energy (ΔG) is negative, indicating that the process can occur without the input of external energy. This negative ΔG reflects an increase in the system's entropy or a release of energy, making the reaction thermodynamically favorable. As the reaction proceeds, the system moves toward equilibrium, where ΔG becomes zero, signifying no further spontaneous change.
Why do you think the catalysts allowed the chemical reaction to take place at 0 degrees Celsius?
Catalysts lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction, making it easier for the reactants to collide and react, even at lower temperatures like 0 degrees Celsius. By providing an alternative reaction pathway, catalysts enable the reaction to proceed without the need for high thermal energy. This allows reactions that might otherwise be too slow or thermodynamically unfavorable at low temperatures to occur more efficiently.
What factors determine whether a chemical reaction will proceed in an energetically favorable or unfavorable direction?
The factors that determine whether a chemical reaction will proceed in an energetically favorable or unfavorable direction include the difference in energy between the reactants and products (enthalpy change), as well as the entropy change and temperature of the system. If the overall change in energy is negative (exothermic) and the increase in disorder (entropy) is positive, the reaction is likely to proceed in a favorable direction.
When can you determine a chemical reaction will occur?
Thermodynamically favorable reaction will occur. Also, if the neutral element is higher in the activity series than the charged element, then the reaction will occur.
Why is the Exo product thermodynamically more stable than the other products in the reaction?
The Exo product is thermodynamically more stable than the other products in the reaction because it has a lower energy state, making it more favorable and less likely to revert back to its original form.
What are some strategies to mitigate energetically unfavorable reactions in a chemical reaction?
Some strategies to mitigate energetically unfavorable reactions in a chemical reaction include adjusting reaction conditions such as temperature and pressure, using catalysts to lower activation energy, and selecting reactants with more favorable energy profiles.
In what way will the gibbs free energy always be negative?
The Gibbs free energy will always be negative for a spontaneous reaction at constant temperature and pressure. This suggests that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable and can proceed without the input of external energy.
What is a driven reaction?
A driven reaction is a chemical reaction that proceeds spontaneously in a particular direction due to either an exergonic change in free energy or the consumption of one or more high-energy molecules. This results in the reaction being thermodynamically favorable and proceeding without the need for external energy input.
How can a reaction with negative value of Delta G be described?
A reaction with a negative delta G is spontaneous because it releases free energy, indicating that the products have less free energy than the reactants. This means the reaction is thermodynamically favorable and can proceed without added energy input.
Is Ca AgNO3 spontaneous?
The reaction between calcium (Ca) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) is not spontaneous under standard conditions since it does not occur without outside intervention. It is thermodynamically unfavorable as the standard Gibbs free energy change for the reaction is positive.
When is a reaction said to be unfavorable?
A reaction is said to be unfavorable when it requires more energy to occur than it releases.
Under what conditions will a low temperature make a reaction spontaneous?
if H and S are both negative
What is the value of G for a reaction that is spontaneous?
The value of Gibbs free energy (G) for a spontaneous reaction is negative, indicating that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable and can proceed without external intervention. This negative value indicates that the products are at a lower energy state than the reactants, driving the reaction forward.
What is the meaning of thermodynamically favored reactions?
When a chemical reaction is described as being "thermodynamically favored," it means that it requires a great deal of activation energy for it to occur.
