What traits do Judaism and Islam share?

Answer 1

They are both Judaic religions that are based on the writings of the Old Testament.

Answer:

The above answer is vastly oversimplistic. Islam is not Judaic, and nor does it have the "Old Testament" as its religious text.

To answer the question, Jews and Muslims trace their ancestry to Abraham. Judaism as a religion began (according to tradition) from Abraham. Islam historically started with Mohammed, but it contains many elements that are believed to be based upon Judaism. These include One God, the name of God (Allah, Elohim), religious courts and scholarship, male circumcision, daily prayers, religious dietary restrictions including the prohibition of pork, religious fasts, washing the hands three times, prohibition of cremation, days beginning at nightfall, the marriage-contract which has two witnesses (ketubah, katb al-kitab), denial of the resurrection of Jesus. These are some examples. The details, however, are often very different.

Answer 2

Judaism and Islam both believe in the existence of one God, emphasize the importance of prophetic tradition, and share a strong emphasis on ethical behavior and social justice. They both also have dietary restrictions and specific prayer rituals.