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Cells with unstable resting membrane potentials, such as pacemaker cells in the heart or neurons in the brain, can continually depolarize due to the presence of a "funny" current (If) that slowly depolarizes the cell until it reaches the threshold for an action potential to be generated.
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Can resting membrane potentials be positive?
Resting membrane potentials are typically negative, ranging from -40mV to -90mV. A positive resting membrane potential would be unusual and could indicate an abnormal cellular state or malfunction.
A small deviation from the resting membrane potential that makes the membrane more or less polarized?
This small deviation is called a graded potential. It can be either a depolarization, where the membrane becomes less polarized, or a hyperpolarization, where the membrane becomes more polarized. Graded potentials are important for transmitting signals over short distances in the nervous system.
A resting motor neuron is expected to?
exhibit a resting potential that is more negative than the "threshold" potential.
Why do not action potentials occur during the repolarization phase?
It has to do with what types of channels are open during this phase. In the repolarization phase the number of potassium channels are increased and the number of sodium channels are decreased. This allows for action potentials to not occur. Otherwise, the action potentials would add up and produce tetany.
What is the approximate resting potential of a neuron?
It is -70 millivolts. The resting potential of a neuron refers to the voltage difference across the plasma membrane of the cell, and is expressed as the voltage inside the membrane relative to the voltage outside the membrane. The typical resting potential voltage for a neuron is -70mV Resting potentials occur because of the difference in concentration of ions inside and outside of the cell, largely by K+ (Potassium ions) but some contribution is made by Na+(Sodium ions)
Can resting membrane potentials be positive?
Resting membrane potentials are typically negative, ranging from -40mV to -90mV. A positive resting membrane potential would be unusual and could indicate an abnormal cellular state or malfunction.
What effect did increasing the extracellular potassium have on the resting membrane potential?
Increasing the extracellular potassium concentration can depolarize the resting membrane potential, making it less negative. This can lead to increased excitability of the cell.
If a resting potential becomes more negative what happens to the cell?
When the membrane potential becomes more negative it is being hyperpolarized. Remember the resting membrane potential is already at a negative state (~70mV). So if you are making a comparison of a membrane potential that is hyperpolarized in comparison to a resting membrane potential, the resting membrane potential is said to be more depolarized.When the membrane potential becomes more positive it is called depolarization.
A small deviation from the resting membrane potential that makes the membrane more or less polarized?
This small deviation is called a graded potential. It can be either a depolarization, where the membrane becomes less polarized, or a hyperpolarization, where the membrane becomes more polarized. Graded potentials are important for transmitting signals over short distances in the nervous system.
If a resting neuron is stimulated and there is an inward flow of positive charges into the cell the membrane potential will?
If a resting neuron is stimulated and there is an inward flow of positive charges into the cell, the membrane potential will depolarize, meaning the inside of the cell becomes less negative. This can trigger an action potential if the depolarization reaches the threshold level.
A resting motor neuron is expected to?
exhibit a resting potential that is more negative than the "threshold" potential.
What happens when the permeability of a resting axon to sodium ion changes?
If the permeability of a resting axon to sodium ion increases, more sodium ions will flow into the cell, leading to depolarization and the generation of an action potential. If the permeability decreases, fewer sodium ions will enter, making it harder to depolarize the cell and initiate an action potential.
What are pacemaker potentials and the action potential they trigger?
Pacemaker potentials are automatic potentials generated and are exclusively seen in the heart. They arise from the natural "leakiness" of the membrane that pacemaker cells have, resulting in passive movement of both Na+ and Ca2+ across the membrane, rising the membrane potential to about -40mV. This results in a spontaneous depolarization of the muscle that has a rise in the curve that is nowhere near as steep as the action potential of other cells. Upon depolarization, the cell will return back to its resting membrane voltage, and continue the potential again.
What does depolarize and repolarize mean?
Depolarization refers to the change in electrical charge across a cell membrane, where the inside becomes less negative. Repolarization is the return to the cell's resting membrane potential after depolarization. These processes are essential for transmitting electrical impulses in nerve and muscle cells.
Why does the number of action potentials vary with increased stimulation frequency?
Increased stimulation frequency can lead to a phenomenon called summation, where individual action potentials merge together or "sum" to produce a larger response. This allows for greater depolarization of the membrane potential, leading to more frequent firing of action potentials. As the stimulation frequency increases, the membrane may not return to its resting potential before receiving the next stimulus, resulting in a higher number of action potentials being generated.
What is an unstimulated neuron?
An unstimulated neuron is a nerve cell that is not currently transmitting signals. It is in a resting state, with a stable membrane potential, and is not actively firing action potentials or sending messages to other neurons.
Why do not action potentials occur during the repolarization phase?
It has to do with what types of channels are open during this phase. In the repolarization phase the number of potassium channels are increased and the number of sodium channels are decreased. This allows for action potentials to not occur. Otherwise, the action potentials would add up and produce tetany.
