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Would you expect the first ionisation enthalpy for two isotopes of the same element to be same or different?
This value is identical for isotopes.
Would you expect the second electron gain enthalpy of O as positive more negative or less negative than the first Justify your answer?
The second electron gain of an oxygen atom would be expected to be less negative. The reason for this outcome is that the oxygen atom gaining a second electron already has one electron and thus a negative charge. This negative charge repels the second electron to some extent, making the enthalpy of this process less negative than when the first electron was added to the neutral oxygen atom.
Why is the second ionisation energy of Na much greater than the second ionisation energy of Mg?
The second ionization energy of sodium (Na) is much greater than that of magnesium (Mg) because of the difference in their electronic configurations and the stability of the resulting ions. When Na loses its first electron, it achieves a stable noble gas configuration (Neon), making the removal of a second electron from the positively charged Na⁺ ion much more difficult. In contrast, when magnesium loses its first electron, it still has a relatively stable electron configuration and retains two valence electrons, making the second ionization less energetically demanding. Thus, the increased stability of Na⁺ compared to Mg⁺ contributes to the significantly higher second ionization energy for Na.
What is ionization energy?
Briefly, it is the energy required to completely remove a valence (outer shell) electron from its atom when forming an ionic bond.See related links below for more info
What is the ionic charge of Helium?
it would have to lose an electron to become an ion as it allredy has a full outershell, for every electron lost the He will gain a charge of +1, but this would be very difficult to obtain as its ionisation energy is very high, in the periodic table ionisation enerygy goes up as you go across the period (from left to right the amount of nuclear charge increases) and it also goes up as you go up a group (as you go up a group the amount of inner sheilding ans distance between outer electron and nucleus decreses, increasing nuclear charge and decreasing shielding and distance all increase ionisation energy) and He is right in the top right corner, Helium has the highest first ionisation energy (ionisation energy is the amount of energy needed to remove one electron from each atom in 1 mole of an element in an gaseous state). the charge of its ion will completely depend on how many electrons it has lost.
Would you expect the first ionisation enthalpy for two isotopes of the same element to be same or different?
This value is identical for isotopes.
What is ionisation energy What is first ionisation energy?
The first ionization energy of an atom or molecule describes the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the atom or molecule in the gaseous state.
How would you explain the fact that the first ionization enthalpy of sodium is lower than that of magnesium but its second ionization enthalpy is higher than that of magnesium?
Sodium has only one valence electron, and when that is donated to some other atom, the remaining ion has a noble gas configuration that is highly stable. Disrupting that by another ionization requires much energy. Magnesium has two valence electrons; therefore the second is almost as easy to donate as the first. The third ionization enthalpy of magnesium would be very high.
Why ismthe second ionisation energy greater than first for lithium?
The second ionization energy for lithium is greater than the first because removing the second electron requires breaking a stronger bond due to the higher effective nuclear charge after the first electron is removed. This leads to a greater energy input to remove the second electron compared to the first.
Why does helium has a higher first ionization energy than argon?
The ionisation energy depends on the orbital from which the electron is removed and also the distance of the orbital from the nucleus. In the case of Helium, the electron is removed from 1s orbital whereas in the case of argon it is from 3p orbital. As 1s is closer to the nucleus, the force of attraction experience by these electrons is higher and hence helium will have higher 1st ionisation energy.
Why the first ionisation energy of potassium is only a little less than the ionisation energy of sodium?
both are in the same period which accounts for closeness. they are nonetheless different because there are more protons in the nucleus which means electrons are brought closer to it so there is a higher ionisation energy or potential
First ionisation energies of alkaline earth metals are higher than those of alkali metals?
Yes, they are.
Why the first ionisation energy of O is less than that of N?
The first ionization energy of oxygen is less than that of nitrogen because oxygen has a higher electron shielding effect due to its additional electron shell, making it easier to remove an electron from oxygen compared to nitrogen. This electron shielding effect reduces the effective nuclear charge felt by the outermost electrons in oxygen, thus requiring less energy to remove an electron.
Would you expect the second electron gain enthalpy of O as positive more negative or less negative than the first Justify your answer?
The second electron gain of an oxygen atom would be expected to be less negative. The reason for this outcome is that the oxygen atom gaining a second electron already has one electron and thus a negative charge. This negative charge repels the second electron to some extent, making the enthalpy of this process less negative than when the first electron was added to the neutral oxygen atom.
Why second ionisation energy is larger than the first ionisation energy?
The reason the second ionization energy is higher than the first relates to the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. When one electron is removed from an atom, the neutral atom becomes positive. When one attempts to remove a second electron from a positive ion, there is more attraction between the electrons and the nucleus due to the extra proton. Thus, the second electron is harder to remove and the ionization requires more energy.
What is meant by the first ionisation energy of nitrogen?
The first ionization energy of nitrogen is the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral nitrogen atom to form a positively charged nitrogen ion. It represents the strength of the bond between the electron and the nitrogen atom.
Why is the first ionisation energy of strontium larger than the first ionisation energy of rubidium?
Because, as we know that when we go across the period of the periodic table, the number of shells remain the same but the number of electrons and protons increases. So, Rb having its atomic number as 37 and Sr as 38, Strontium has got more nuclear charge as well as more electrons. As a result the first ionisation energy required to remove one electron is more in Strontium than Rubidium.
